Entrepreneurship Within The Cleaning Industry - 2808 Words

Executive Summary This report will explore the issue of entrepreneurship within the cleaning Industry. The cleaning industry is vital to the economy, through the large numbers of staff employed, the revenue generated and the role it plays in the maintenance of public health and hygiene. There are two major markets within the cleaning industry: the consumer market and the commercial market. There are three key issues facing the entrepreneur in this industry: the quality of service, the quality retention of staff and the image of the industry. This report will look at these three issues more closely. One of the most encouraging findings which may well help to improve poor image is the newly formed CIRI – Cleaning Industry Research†¦show more content†¦The cleaning industry is a competitive environment which offers opportunity to the astute entrepreneur with sound business skills to innovate new services and methods. 1. INTRODUCTION – ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITHIN THE CLEANING INDUSTRY This report is going to explore the issues of entrepreneurship within the cleaning industry. The definition of an entrepreneur covers a wide range of understandings depending on the researcher or writer studied. The Oxford English Dictionary (Simpson,1989) defines an entrepreneur as a ‘person who attempts to profit by risk and initiative’(p.408). This indicates entrepreneurs use a high degree of initiative and that they are willing to assume high degrees of risk. â€Å"Jean-Baptist Say, the French economist usually credited with inventing the word said; ‘entrepreneurs shift economic resources from an area of lower productivity into an area of higher productivity and greater yield’†(Burns,2001,p.4). The entrepreneur attempts to do this by seizing opportunities for change in technology, resources, demographics or prices to create value and a new demand or a new market (Burns, 2001) giving customers benefits through greater choice and price competi tion (Frederick, Kuratko, Hodgetts, 2006).This report will give a broad overview of the cleaning industry and will then look at some of the issues faced by

Obesity Is A Medical Condition - 2163 Words

Interest of public in the topic of obesity has been rising because of recent examples like heart disease, stroke and some other chronic diseases that caused by obesity. Obesity is a medical condition which is defined as unusual or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. Obesity happens because of having too much body fat, and the formula to calculate the body mass index (BMI) is the square of a person’s height (in meters) divide his or her weight (in kilograms). Obesity is different from overweight which includes the extra weight from his or her muscle, bone, fat or body water that affect the body weight of a person (Medline Plus, n.d.). For instance, slim individual may also have a high BMI that is measured obese even though he or she does not have too much body fat, but heavily boned or muscled. Thus, it is crucial to remember that, while BMI is considerably correlated with the amount of body fat of a person, it cannot conclude the body type of that person, and may not accurately predict a person’s health risks in certain circumstances. Types There are myriad kinds of obesity have been divided into several classes by the World Health Organization (WHO), ranging from class I to class III. Besides, these classes have been subdivided into categories alike mild obesity and super obesity in order to offer a frame of reference. Obesity is a disease in which a person with a BMI that is higher than 30 is considered obesity. It can be divided into five kinds:Show MoreRelatedObesity Is A Medical Condition1708 Words   |  7 PagesPart 1 Obesity is a medical condition where there is the accumulation of excess fat in the body such that the individual’s health is affected negatively resulting in an increase in health problems and a reduced life expectancy. The measurement of obesity is with the use of the BMI where the individual’s weight is divided by their height square, and this should not be above 30kg/m2. In the United States, obesity remains the one of the leading cause of death as it is associated with heart disease (CdcRead MoreObesity Is A Medical Condition Essay1320 Words   |  6 Pages Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fast has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health and it usually does. Obesity leads to reduced life expectancy and increased health problems. Increased risk of heart disease, high blood sugar, high blood pressure, certain cancers and other chronic conditions are usually the problems that obesity may cause. Inactive lifestyle, po or environment, genes and family history, medicine, smoking and so on are factors whichRead MoreChildhood Obesity Is A Medical Condition1109 Words   |  5 Pages Childhood obesity is a medical condition that is found in children, teenagers and middle aged people. Everyone has a unique body shape and structure that is engineered right for them but sometimes the body will store more body fat than required. If an individual stores more fat than an average person is supposed to, then they can be categorized as obese. Childhood obesity can be identified seeing if the weight of a child is well above that of an average for a child s height and age. For anRead MoreObesity : A Serious Medical Condition876 Words   |  4 PagesObesity is a serious medical condition that requires treatment to lower the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. However, one in three people in the United States is clinically obese (Overweight and Obesity Statistics) and 10-25% of obese individuals are labeled metabolically healthy (Bluher). Obesity is clinically diagnosed with a body mass index (BMI) of a score of 30 or greater in reference to the total weight in people’s body compared to their height (Overweight and Obesity Statistics)Read MoreChildhood Obesity Is A Medical Condition2494 Words   |  10 PagesChildhood obesity is a medical condition in which affects children of all ages sometimes even into their adulthood. This condition occurs when a child is very well above the normal weight set for his or her age and height. One of the biggest troubles in the world is childhood obesity because the extra weight a child carries arou nd leads them down a path of a number of health issues that were once confined only to adults such as diabetes, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure. It may also leadRead MoreChildhood Obesity : Becoming A Medical Condition863 Words   |  4 Pages Childhood Obesity Childhood Obesity is a well known issue in the United States. To some individuals childhood obesity is considered to be a medical condition while others may argue that is not. Childhood obesity is the condition where excessive body fat negatively affects a child s wellbeing or health. Being obese is different from being overweight, although both mean that a person’s weight is greaterRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Serious Medical Condition Plaguing Youth1765 Words   |  8 PagesAustin Brown Dr. Rodney Beaulieu Human Development 101 11 December 2015 Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity is currently a serious medical condition plaguing youth and adolescents all around the world, especially in developed nations. Childhood obesity occurs when ones weight or body fat exceeds what is normal for ones height and age. Children who are overweight are often troubled with poor self-esteem and depression. Overweight children are subjected to health issues such as diabetes, high bloodRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Serious Medical Condition That Affects Children And Adolescents Essay1116 Words   |  5 PagesMy enquiry question will identify the leading causes of childhood obesity in New Zealand. Childhood obesity is a serious medical condition that affects children and adolescents (Mayo Clinic, 2014). It occurs when a child is well above the normal weight for his or her age and height (Mayo Clinic, 2014). This enquiry question will mainly focus on children who are obese in New Zealand. Through survey, The 2012/13 New Zealand Health Survey found that 1 in 9 c hildren aged 2–14 years were obese (11%),Read MoreChildhood Obesity : A Serious Medical Condition That Affects Children And Adolescents991 Words   |  4 Pagescurrent adolescent obesity rates continue, predictions say by 2035 there will be more than 100,000 additional cases of heart disease linked to obesity (Collins 1). Childhood obesity has become more of an epidemic over the last few years. Although there are debates of childhood obesity being a problem, several factors contribute to childhood obesity such as parental feeding styles and fast food, nonetheless, which can all be prevented. Childhood obesity is a serious medical condition that affects childrenRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Serious Medical Condition That Affects Children And Adolescents Essay1736 Words   |  7 Pagesatrocious disease like cancer nor is it learning or behavioral problems—it is obesity! The Mayo Clinic, a nonprofit organization committed to clinical practice, health education and research, defines child hood obesity as â€Å"a serious medical condition that affects children and adolescents, that occurs when a child is well above the normal weight for his or her age and height† (Mayo). The Mayo Clinic goes on to say that childhood obesity is particularly troubling because it starts kids off on an early path

Mass-elite theorists and subcultures Free Essays

Academic writing is usually best when it takes a dispassionate attitude to its subject; when it reviews the several contesting scholarly opinions around a question, before judging the value of each of them. But sometimes a writer is given a question that allows him to write destructive criticism, and to champion the merits of one argument only. This present question is such a question. We will write a custom essay sample on Mass-elite theorists and subcultures or any similar topic only for you Order Now If one takes a supercilious attitude towards it then he might expel it at once by arguing that neither Matthew Arnold nor F. R. Leavis – men who sought the promotion of culture through the study of high literature and the reform of education – would have descended at all to study the subcultures of Goths and Trekkers. These groups have produced no serious literature and they have done little to reform education. And so one can easily cement such a fierce attitude into a strong essay – though one that would sadly be very short and unmarkable! If instant dismissal is not appropriate, then a writer who has studied Arnold’s and Leavis’s definitions of culture can argue ceaselessly that neither man would have thought Goths and Trekkers a positive development for culture. A short statement about definition. There are of course manifold definitions of culture. Many recent writers define culture in terms of mass-culture, within which all groups and subcultures belong. If culture is defined like this then Goths and Trekkers are both part of culture and can be said to expand culture by pushing it wider and making it more diverse. Arguments like this are possible; but they are not possible for our present question. In this essay one has to measure these groups against the definitions of Leavis and Arnold only; and leave aside the merits of any modern definitions. Let us then examine the definition of Leavis and Arnold. Matthew Arnold famously defined culture as to ‘†¦ know the best that has been said and thought in the world’. Someone who is cultured has learnt to perceive beauty, perfection, truth and justice through literature and art. In Culture and Anarchy and Essays in Criticism Arnold argues that culture is centered upon education: thus the expansion of culture is possible only if it is accompanied by an equal expansion of education. So: somebody who is highly cultured is also highly educated. F.R.  Leavis had a very similar definition of culture. Leavis argued even more explicitly than Arnold that there is an unbreakable bond between knowledge of the humanities and the acquisition of culture. As G. Steiner says ‘The commanding axiom in Leavis’s life-work is the conviction that there is a close relation between a man’s capacity to respond to art and his general fitness for humane existence.’ Despite the esoteric sound of these words they do say something vital about culture. The key word is humane. Someone who has studied great works of literature tends to have better judgment and is kinder to his fellow man than people who have not. Leavis says ‘†¦ thinking about cultural and social matters ought to be done by minds of some real literary education, and done in an intellectual climate formed by a vital literacy culture’. In short: a healthy culture and society depends upon a large number of its citizens studying and thinking about the classics. Leavis famously defined these arguments in his controversial Richmond Lecture – should we say polemic? – against C. P. Snow. The lecture is Leavis’s proposal for the future of culture in England. Leavis wanted a small, economically weaker England that would be highly literate and cultured — instead of a huge commercialized and capitalistic society that would be less literate. Thus we see in Leavis, as in Arnold, a definition of culture as a society that knows intimately great works of art. According to this definition, any group that progresses culture must go beyond the culture that has gone before. Do Goths and Trekkers then add to what we can learn from Homer, Shakespeare and the Bible? (This is a fair question if measured by the definition above). The answer must be no. The Goth and Trekker subcultures have not produced one serious piece of literature or music; even if one stretches Star Trek into some definition of art, the movies and show are not the invention of Trekkers, but the object of their devotion. Goths claim to have a passion for literature; but this passion has not created any literature of their own. Likewise – even though it is not one of their aims – neither of these groups has done anything to reform education or our universities. We cannot study Goth culture from its literature, because there is not any. But we can examine some of the statements of Goth members to see whether there is any sign of culture as defined by Leavis and Arnold. The following article called ‘A Short Treatise on Goth subculture’ is taken from the internet. The author, Chameleon, says that Goths are defined by ‘a morbid sense of humor’, ‘appreciation of the darker side of life’, ‘tolerance of lifestyles considered weird by the masses’ and an ‘apolitical attitude towards society’. Rus Haslage, the President of the International Federation of Trekkers, says that the philosophy of trekkers is that ‘†¦everyone is different, and it is those differences that make us special. And, it is those differences that make meshing our sparks even more beneficial to us all.’ In both these statements the common feature is vagueness of meaning and purpose. Goths and Trekkers feel some solidarity with each other in their interest in the ways of the Goth or Star Trek; but there is no clear or precise thought about the identity and purpose of these groups. To be fair to each group neither claims to add to the wisdom that the great works of literature and art that the West has accumulated; but, if we judge this admission of non-achievement strictly according to the definition of Leavis and Arnold, then the existence of such groups has either no effect or a regressive effect upon culture. Bibliography Books: P. Hodkins,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Goth: Identity, Style and Subculture M. Arnold,     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Culture and Anarchy M.Arnold,  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Essays in Criticism H. Jenkins III, Star Trek Rerun, Reread, Rewritten: Fan Writing as Textual Poaching F.R. Leavis,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Mass Civilization and Minority Culture, (1930) F.R. Leavis,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Nor Shall My Sword: Discourses on Pluralism, Compassion and Social Hope (1972) G. Steiner,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Language and Silence, Faber and Faber, 1967 Websites: www.iftcommand.com www.religioustolerance.org How to cite Mass-elite theorists and subcultures, Essay examples

Impact of Business on the Stakeholdersâ€Free samples For Students

Question: What Is The Impact Of Business On The Stakeholders? Answer: Intorducation As per my point of view, before running a particular business organization in the market, every individual organization has to follow business ethics values and beliefs. Moorthy (2012) stated that the success of an organization is highly dependent on the product quality and service process. I have noticed that behind maintaining product quality as well as services, every organization has to follow corporate ethics as well as values. Brand identity is one of the most important factors based on which the organizational image and reputation depends highly. I have observed that large number of companies prevailing in the retail sector is facing ethical issues at the workplace that highly affects in maintaining organizational sustainability. The employers fail to maintain effective employee relation within the organization. As a result, the performance level of the employees is decreasing rapidly. Customers are deprived of receiving appropriate service from the organization. Automatically , the retail business sectors are facing challenges in maintaining organizational sustainability. Impact of business decision on the stakeholders: A particular organization is constituted with two kinds of stakeholders primarily that include internal stakeholder and external stakeholder. Among the stakeholders, the importance of customers and employees is most important (Pulina and Timpanaro 2012). I have noticed that the organizational decision leaves a major impact on the stakeholders. In order to satisfy the needs and demands of the employees and organization decides to implement some major strategies such as reward and recognition policy, interpersonal communication with the employees regarding their personal issues at the workplace (Biedenweg, Monroe and Oxarart 2013). At the same time, the organization tends to follow some of the major legislations and acts in order to keep the company free from biasness. The legislation implies health and safety act, right to information act anti-discrimination act, gender equity act, data protection act and many more (Williams and Schaefer 2013). According to me, these specific business decision or initiatives help the organization to maintain employee motivation. However, I have observed that most of the business experts in the retail sector currently fail to maintain employee relation due to the lack of maintaining ethical practices. Company like Woolworths has faced huge employee turnover at the workplace due to the lack of ethical practices (Carroll and Buchholtz 2014). The employers failed to maintain effective communication with the employees. As a result, they showed their intense reluctance for providing good services to the customers. As per my point of view, the implementation of corporate social responsibility is more effective in order to impress the customers mind. While dealing with the customers of different geographical corners most of business organizations tend to follow CSR activities (Tufa 2015). For an example, in order to promote the products in global market The Iconic has decided to organize social events where large number of poor but meritorious students would be contributed education kits and cash for their further studies. As a result, this particular organization is successful to render their image and reputation in the global market. I have noticed that some of the companies tend to implement diversity management at the workplace. With the help of this specific strategy, the customer service executives tend to allow every single customer at their organization for using their services (Crane and Matten 2016). People of every culture and religious attitudes are treated with equal priority. There fore, the question of discrimination does not arise in between the stakeholder and service providers. Therefore, I have realized that the customers showed their flexibility while using the service process. As per the above mentioned discussion I can come into a conclusion that the satisfaction rate of the customers is highly dependent on the business decision and their ethical practices. Legislation that supports the practice: I have already mentioned that some of the relevant legislations are there that supports in maintaining business ethical practices. I believe that organization would be able to maintain its sustainability in the current market only when the service providers would be able to maintain organizational ethical practices. Both the employees and customers are key stakeholder for an organization that helps to render business success (Fredericks 2013). As per my opinion, employees need to get necessary facilities and benefits from the organization as well in order to keep up their level of performance. Implementation of health and safety act as per my point of view is highly important based on which employees feel safe while working within the organization. This particular act ensures that employees facing any kind of health issues should get necessary co-operation from the employers both financially and emotionally (Meijboom and Brom 2012). As a result, employees would not have to face any kind of insecurity to be associated within a business process. As per my opinion, anti-discrimination act helps to maintain business ethics and practices. As per the concept of this anti-discrimination act, both the female and male employees should be treated with equal respect and dignity at the workplace. As a result, the organization would automatically be able to sustain in the business industry for a long time. People belonging to different age group, culture and religious attributes can be associated together at the workplace. Business ethics enables that the skill and competency level of the employee is highly important for an organization rather than their cultural backgrounds (Heizer and Barry 2013). I have noticed that the internal ethical practices is possessed with a major impact on the impression level of customers. Recommendation: After evaluating the entire report regarding the impact of maintaining business ethics and corporate social responsibility for long term sustainability I can provide some of the major recommendations. Retail sectors should follow corporate social responsibilities more effectively for meeting the long-term goal. For an example, the business experts in order to maintain community relation can hire the skillful and competent employees from their regional boundary In order to impress of the customers, the organization can enhance their business diversification strategy more effectively. As a result, the number of target market would be increased at the workplace. The employers should maintain effective communication with the employees in order to know their challenges at the workplace. If the employees get enough scope to share their difficulties, they would be motivated in performing well towards reaching the business goal. In this kind of situation, the interpersonal communication between the employees and the employers would be effective automatically. I believe that retail business organizations should have a contribution towards government sponsorship. Government sponsorship is one of the most effective ways of CSR activities. As a result, the organization as well will be able to create a market demand by involving them in government activities. Summary: The entire report has provided a self-reflection on how organizations are able to maintain business ethics. As per my knowledge and experience, the success of an organization is highly dependent on the organizational practices. Business ethics is one of the most effective practices based on which the sustainability of a business is highly dependent. I have discussed the several factors that help an organization to maintain business ethics. I have evaluated the importance of corporate social responsibility in enhancing the organizational sustainability in market. By sharing my personal experience, I have analyzed on how business organizations belonging to the retail sectors are facing difficulties in maintaining sustainability due to the lack of ethical practices. Reference List: Biedenweg, K., Monroe, M.C. and Oxarart, A., 2013. The importance of teaching ethics of sustainability.International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education,14(1), pp.6-14. Carroll, A. and Buchholtz, A., 2014.Business and society: Ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management. Nelson Education. Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016.Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Fredericks, S.E., 2013.Measuring and evaluating sustainability: Ethics in sustainability indexes. Routledge. Heizer, R. and Barry, R., 2013.Operation Management, Sustainability and Supply Chain management(Vol. 11). Pearson, UK. Meijboom, F.L. and Brom, F.W., 2012. Ethics and sustainability: Guest or guide? On sustainability as a moral ideal.Journal of agricultural and environmental ethics,25(2), pp.117-121. Moorthy, R., 2012. Ethics and sustainability.American Journal of Applied Sciences,9(1), pp.24-31. Pulina, P. and Timpanaro, G., 2012. Ethics, sustainability and logistics in agricultural and agri-food economics research.Italian Journal of Agronomy,7(3), p.33. Tufa, R.A., 2015. Perspectives on environmental ethics in sustainability of membrane based technologies for water and energy production.Environmental Technology Innovation,4, pp.182-193. Williams, S. and Schaefer, A., 2013. Small and medium?sized enterprises and sustainability: Managers' values and engagement with environmental and climate change issues.Business Strategy and the Environment,22(3), pp.173-186.

Strategic Human Resources Management Of Sony Commerce Essay Example For Students

Strategic Human Resources Management Of Sony Commerce Essay In a turning economic system and engineering on their advancement, many companies have benefited from the chances offered by science.A Given the continued growing of engineering companies have the agencies to go on the success of competitory merchandises and services available.A One peculiar company that has been to the full adopted by Sony this feature.A This company was really successful, but because his manner of believing strategically and unbelievable endowment to utilize every ounce of new engineerings can be used.A But utilizing e-commerce or e-commerce Sony has skyrocketed. We will write a custom essay on Strategic Human Resources Management Of Sony Commerce specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Sony is a maker of sound, picture, communications and information engineering merchandises for consumer and professional markets. Japan s Sony Corporation ( Sony ) Final parent company isSony.A The company is chiefly focused on electronics, such as audiovisual and information engineering and constituents ; game, such as PlayStation, amusement such as gesture images and music, and fiscal services such as insurance and banking.A It has five sections: electronics, games, exposures, and other fiscal services.A Sony makes this one of the largest and most diverse amusement worldwide.A In the Electronics section develops, designs, industries and sells assorted types of electronic equipment, tools and devices for consumer and professional markets.A During the mass meeting, Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. develops industries, markets and distributes PlayStation Portable ( PSP ) , PlayStation 2 and PlayStation 3 computing machine amusement system. Outline1 Vision, Mission and Values2 Aims3 A A A4 Sony make. Believe 5 TASK16 What is human resource direction?7 A A A8 A A A9 Strategic HRM:10 basic maps of human resource direction11 A A A12 The importance of strategic human resource direction ( SHRM )13 TASK214 Define Human resource planning15 Business factorsA16 Requirement of sound HR planning17 A A A A18 STGES OF Planning19 HRM theoretical account20 What is the intent of the HRM theoretical account? A21 TASK322 The intent of human resource direction policies in Sony23 A24 A Staff Development25 Developing leader26 Training plans for employees27 Impact of regulative demands on human resources policies in Sony28 Basic Policy on Human Rights and Equal Opportunities29 Health and safety30 Employee Health31 A Work-Life Balance32 Flexible work manners33 Child attention and nursing34 A Human Resources Information Technology35 TASK436 Impact of organisational construction on human resource direction37 Role of organisational civilization in SHRM38 A RecruitmentA39 InterviewsA40 Choosing the right personA41 A42 Monitoring and command43 Recommendation44 Making a civilization of teamwork45 Decision Vision, Mission and Values Business mission is a sum-up of cardinal policies for the company to accomplish its aims, and explains the key that every attempt should be employed.A Tend a few words or short phrases, but besides long term is more than one page. Aims For this vision to be realized, Sony aims to beef up the nucleus electronic concern application of information engineering in the design, industry, distribution and sale. It is believed that the value of Sony Music, exposure, games and fiscal services industry as they become available through the network.A So, Sony has now launched a sub-network enabled merchandises in four classs: digital TVs and set-top boxes, place VAIO PC, PlayStation 2 and nomadic devices. A A A Sony make. Believe Sony make. Believe ( stud It ) , a new message to another group of beginning indicated by Sony in electronics, games, films, music, web services and nomadic phones. Make. Believe Sony is to present a spirit of creativeness invention, taging the first clip, the company has unified trade name message that is both amusement and electronics. TASK1 What is human resource direction? A A A Each organisation has three basic constituents that target people and structure.A A Human Resources Management ( HRM ) to analyze the activities of people working in an organization.A HRM is the direction of people working in an organization.A It is peculiarly relevant to the individual who can state that people can manage.A Leadership of organisations to their demands and helps the organisation resolution.A HRM seeks to how people can be managed within the organization.A He is responsible for engaging people to develop to form the bid, the benefits of their work jobs and urge appropriate. A A A Strategic HRM: Where all HR activities ( including workplace acquisition ) to assist organisations accomplish strategic aims and vision, either straight or indirectly.A This means that for all D activities to be strategic. A So it is of import to understand precisely how everything is done ( what you offer ) , which contribute to your organisation s mission, vision and strategy.A Otherwise, how can you value your work and how to form the value of your work? A Please note that this can lend indirectly.A For illustration, to better the quality of working life have a important impact on profitableness by cut downing mistakes and accidents, cut down absenteeism and turnover and increase productiveness and better client service. basic maps of human resource direction Basic maps of HR maps are the same as stating the authorities by director s program, form, manage and control staff.A HR staff and to take part in policies and patterns related to individuals working for the organisation. A A A Human Resources Department run intoing the undermentioned maps to pull off all sizes: Teams ( includes planning, enlisting and choice ) Human Resources Development ( It covers the instruction and preparation required by the employee ) Benefits ( inducements for employees based on public presentation or policy ) wellness and safety ( including issues related to wellness and safety policy of the person ) The relationship between employee and labour Care Records The importance of strategic human resource direction ( SHRM ) Human Resource Management is to pull off the size and normative theory would necessitate coherent set of forces policies in conformity with organisational scheme to find the quality of work, committedness and employee public presentation and organisational effectivity and competitory advantage.A Sony HRM policy is to pull off their employees and to be successful.A Because it considers the fluctuation in different regions.A Sony, for illustration, encourages their employees to take part in decision-making, A so that the company public meeting in each unit provides chances for employees to give their opinion.A And different topographic points in Europe, where appropriate, Sony. Entire Number of Employees Sony entire figure of employee ( Sony web site ) is working, where labour costs involved in these dialogues, in conformity with the jurisprudence and working conditions.A Sony provides instruction and accomplishments developing for workers in different states and concern sectors.A But there are different developing systems in different parts. Kio Morita, laminitis of Sony Corporation, said there is no thaumaturgy in the success of Nipponese companies most popular and Sony in peculiar. The secret of success is merely the manner they treat their employees. Head of Mission of Japan to the director to develop a healthy relationship with its employees as household resemblance in the company to make the feeling that employees and directors portion the same fate.A Most successful companies in Japan has succeeded in the sense of common fate for all employees to make, what the Americans and labour direction and stockholders to appeal. When Morita was president of Sony, said new employees and all employees who are lucky plenty to happen o ccupations and to make up ones mind personally if he has spent his life-time working with Sony. TASK2 Define Human resource planning The construct of human resource planning within the organisation is every bit old as human civilization itself.There the thought of aˆâ€ ¹aˆâ€ ¹a better work force planning and new concern efficaciously in the field of human activity.A Applications are reviewed by assorted people, scientists credence and design management.A Definition of human resource planning are listed below-A .u6dabf2581242718934b517314b767005 , .u6dabf2581242718934b517314b767005 .postImageUrl , .u6dabf2581242718934b517314b767005 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6dabf2581242718934b517314b767005 , .u6dabf2581242718934b517314b767005:hover , .u6dabf2581242718934b517314b767005:visited , .u6dabf2581242718934b517314b767005:active { border:0!important; } .u6dabf2581242718934b517314b767005 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6dabf2581242718934b517314b767005 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6dabf2581242718934b517314b767005:active , .u6dabf2581242718934b517314b767005:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6dabf2581242718934b517314b767005 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6dabf2581242718934b517314b767005 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6dabf2581242718934b517314b767005 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6dabf2581242718934b517314b767005 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6dabf2581242718934b517314b767005:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6dabf2581242718934b517314b767005 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6dabf2581242718934b517314b767005 .u6dabf2581242718934b517314b767005-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6dabf2581242718934b517314b767005:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Research Paper Teen Alcohol Abuse EssayHarmonizing to F. William Glueck, A Human resource planning is the procedure by which direction efforts to supply equal human resources to accomplish organisation aims. Business factorsA HRM is cardinal coordination and direction basicss organisations. There internal and external factors impacting assorted concern hiring and training.A Control factors are external factors that have small or organisations, but to better understand these factors, it can break adapt and develop appropriate schemes for pull offing human resources.A The external environment refers to conditions outside the organisation, including possible legal, societal and political involvements of clients, rivals, unionisation, labour market conditions, industry features and national civilizations ( Susan et al, 1995 ) .A Some internal factors are impacting HRM engineering maps, construction, size, organisational scheme and civilization. Technological environment is possibly one of the most amazing powers that the HRM patterns of the company ( Zammuto A ; OConnor, 1992 ) shape.A Technology puts an of import function in cut downing costs, bettering efficiency and client entree to relevant information a vailable to assist concerns increase productiveness ( Kotler et al 2004 ) .A Requirement of sound HR planning JL and RW Gold Decgar a book Management of forces and recommended to the demands of effectual labour planning and success as: A A A A A A A az? planning should lend to a batch of time.A A A A A A A az? , the alternate program or amendment, if any, should be includedA A A A A A A az? Planning should be based on need.A A A A A A A az? Planning should elements of flexibleness and elasticity.A A A A A A A az? planning to be economics.A A A A A A A az? Planning should be efficient and effective.A The intent of the Human resource program for this species members and staff is to acquire the right thing at the right time.A Human resource planning is a inquiry of method.A Human resource planning is developed by certain activities in a row.A What stairss are described as follows-A A A A A az? place the targetA A A A A az? Gather informationA A A A A az? provide human resources to implementA A A A A az? human resource supply predictionA A A A A az? program and the necessary programsA A A A A STGES OF Planning a ) The intent of the organisation: The intent of the organisation must be established before the debut of human resource planning.A After finding the intent of the organisation, the Human Resources Director might develop human resources to the organisation to accomplish this objective.A A B ) The aggregation of information: The 2nd stage of human resource planning to garner information.A Ca nt predict or program to be better than the information they are based.Human resource planning requires two types of information.A They areA A A A A A A A A A a?-Data from the external environmentA A A A A A A A A A a?-Data within the organizationA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A a?â€Å"Data from the external environment, external environment information, including information about current conditions and expected alterations in -A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A az? EconomicsA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A az? TechnologyA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A az? CompetitionA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A az?LaborA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A a?â€Å"Data organisation of informations within the organisation that contains information about Current conditions and expected alterations include in-A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A az? plans short and long term organisational strategiesA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A az?Prevailing human resourcesA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A az?Turnover and mobilityA A A A degree Celsius ) HR Demand: In this measure, because it determines the resources needed to accomplish the goal.A Once contrivers have the information internally and externally, they can foretell the demand for workers.A A A A vitamin D ) Estimating: The human resources supply: In this phase, contrivers predict labour supply. Planners forecast internal supply of workers and their accomplishments and handiness of different types of people likely promo ability outside the labour market.A A A A vitamin E ) Plan and the necessary plans: the concluding phase of human resource planning is to be after specific plans to guarantee that our available depending on future demand.Programs include-A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A az? addition or diminish the size of the laborA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A az? altering accomplishment mixA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A az? direction sequence planA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A az? Career Development PlanA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A az? disincentives for early retirement incentivesA The desire to accomplish aims through human resources planning is nonmeaningful unless its appraisal of the consequences of the activities of human resource direction planning: degree Fahrenheit ) Feedback on the planning procedure: A If demand and supply projections were every bit accurate as coveted, Feedback is given to better the prediction process.A Although these plans are unequal or inappropriate, you can alter them.A HRM theoretical account Human resource scheme is by and large high.A Human resources scheme will non work out the job of ownership of HR processes.A The scheme defines the strategic function of human resource enterprises in the organisation and within a few years.A Human resources is the best tool for ownership of HR processes to be determined.A It besides helps place spreads in the organisational and human resources accomplishments and competences of HR.A The theoretical account makes the direction of human resources to run smoothly.A What is the intent of the HRM theoretical account? A The consequence is most of the HRM theoretical account clear rules for the design and executing of undertakings and duties of human resources and human resources allocated to assorted undertakings in human resources unit.A Template definition is non easy, but saves a batch of struggle in the future.A The HR physiques stronger and more competitory in the HR organisation. TASK3 The intent of human resource direction policies in Sony A Since its origin in 1946, Sony should stay at the head of technological development, based on what has been done systematically with the new lifestyle.A Sony has new advanced companies to besides advance, through an advanced attack to the challenge of national and regional boundaries. Sony values aˆâ€ ¹aˆâ€ ¹of communicating between direction and workers are indispensable if the direction transportation policy for employees and employers to promote their sentiments. Sony puts a high precedence on communicating between direction and single employees.A Since financial 2005, Sony CEO Howard Stringer, the clip to see the Sony universe to pass on straight with employees at public meetings and other chances for duologue to create.A contact senior besides Sony Group employees by posting on the intranet or e-mail Sony and ease information exchange and making a sense of integrity with the Sony Group. Sony aims to make a workplace that respects human rights and equal employment c hances for people with the best of their abilities.A Because of the diverseness of human rights enterprises and concerns, Sony is an of import map that every employee at work, and he knew of any jobs you can acquire Sony Corporation Disabled Employees Ratio *4 A Staff Development Development and staff development for Sony dynamic engine of growing for Sony.A Sony recognizes that population growing is supported by big plus direction. A Sony purposes to heighten motive and personal development of its employees worldwide through acquisition by making, every bit good as entree to a assortment of plans tailored to local demands, including instruction of applied scientists, direction preparation and preparation to buildA capacity and accomplishments of employees. Developing leader If a company does concern in states and parts around the universe, Sony recognizes the importance of cultivating leading qualities, and purposes of international regard for different civilizations and working environments.A Sony has implemented a series of enterprises to convey the full potency of employees to run into and the following coevals of concern leaders worldwide to advance. Training plans for employees Sony is forming assorted developing plans for employees at all degrees of alumnuss from senior directors for each part and industry.A In Japan, Sony Group offers over 300 classs, including proficient instruction and preparation organic structures, different attacks, including group developing utilizing e-learning and correspondence classs, in conformity with the objectives.A These classs are supported by about 230 front-line employees who have the expertness needed to develop course of study and text editions Sony engineering in all countries Employee developing plan by Sony in Japan ( www.sony.net ) .u0f558be4747604971c57a7c8ab8c2bb6 , .u0f558be4747604971c57a7c8ab8c2bb6 .postImageUrl , .u0f558be4747604971c57a7c8ab8c2bb6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0f558be4747604971c57a7c8ab8c2bb6 , .u0f558be4747604971c57a7c8ab8c2bb6:hover , .u0f558be4747604971c57a7c8ab8c2bb6:visited , .u0f558be4747604971c57a7c8ab8c2bb6:active { border:0!important; } .u0f558be4747604971c57a7c8ab8c2bb6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0f558be4747604971c57a7c8ab8c2bb6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0f558be4747604971c57a7c8ab8c2bb6:active , .u0f558be4747604971c57a7c8ab8c2bb6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0f558be4747604971c57a7c8ab8c2bb6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0f558be4747604971c57a7c8ab8c2bb6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0f558be4747604971c57a7c8ab8c2bb6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0f558be4747604971c57a7c8ab8c2bb6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0f558be4747604971c57a7c8ab8c2bb6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0f558be4747604971c57a7c8ab8c2bb6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0f558be4747604971c57a7c8ab8c2bb6 .u0f558be4747604971c57a7c8ab8c2bb6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0f558be4747604971c57a7c8ab8c2bb6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: C ; P EssayImpact of regulative demands on human resources policies in Sony Basic Policy on Human Rights and Equal Opportunities Sony Group Code of Conduct, adopted in May 2003, has subdivisions on human rights and planetary policy provides regulations regulating human rights and related activities within the Sony group.A For illustration, the subdivision provides for the Sony Group Code of Conduct, equal chances in employment policy on the enlisting, hiring, preparation, advancing and otherwise dainty appliers and employees without respect to non-race characteristics, including faith, colorA , national beginning, age, gender and disability.A These commissariats are based on bing international criterions, including the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Health and safety Sony marks healthy labour market and employment patterns and set up a healthy environment, safe working and productive bases. Political and database direction system In 1998, Sony has adopted a general policy on wellness and safety ( OH A ; S ) , which acts as a standard group, reflecting Sony s committedness to the wellness and safety of its employees.A Simply policy sing the Torahs of the states and parts of OH A ; S, but besides with complementary activities undertaken as portion of their wellness and safety direction construction. Employee Health Sony Corporation aims to assist make occupations in good health.A related activities are focused on supplying different wellness check-up, support and airing of information via the intranet an overview of wellness issues raised. A Work-Life Balance Looking at work is a much more diverse life styles and employees to to the full show their accomplishments to maintain up, Sony has created support systems and flexible work manners, including the importance of the optimum work-life balance stressA . Work and life balance in Sony Source- www.sony.net Flexible work manners Sony does non follow the Torahs and imposts of the states and parts in which it operates, but besides provide working agreements to assist employees to accomplish work-life balance efficaciously. Child attention and nursing Sony is offering particular holiday nest eggs program for child attention workers to be caring for kids and paid leave, which can be used in concurrence with parental leave and offers up to 20 yearss for employees who leave after birthA .A A important figure of workers who leave.A Sony besides offers a System subject and usage of paid one-year leave on an hr for kid attention or nursing. A Human Resources Information Technology Three old ages ago, Sony Electronics has a crisp oculus on the HR information system, and non liked what he saw.A Merely 18 per centum of the 14,000 employees in six locations consistently used HR applications, leting the human resources section papers generation.A Not that the workers do non fault Sony Electronics indifference ascent to PeopleSoft 5.2 cosmopolitan platform within five old ages, turning out new versions and patches new place tend to be a doctor.A In footings of hardware and package, long lived HRIS system public-service corporation, said Edward J. Cotter, Sony Electronics frailty president of human resources. TASK4 Impact of organisational construction on human resource direction The organisational model clarifies the duty of the portions to directors and employees.A Organizational constructions can assist companies retain employees, while the suibiachtulacht the concatenation of bid, among other benefits.A Staff keeping is how the company is focused on keeping a low staff turnover and more experient workers to guarantee that employees remain with the company. Organizational constructions can set up minimal outlooks of personal conduct.A Organizational constructions frequently contain company s mission or vision.A This information allows companies to include information on benefits for employees who reach certain ends or the company.A It promotes good behaviour and employee retention.A Companies can non to the full sum workers to take compensation as a reward.A Organizational constructions can guarantee employment growing and development of employees to retain employees for longer periods where they want to larn more about the company and better their professional skills.A Role of organisational civilization in SHRM Corporate civilization is an of import function in choosing the best candidate.A Candidate sourcing and recruiting and questioning campaigners, to happen ways to find whether person is suited for culture.A Organizational civilization is frequently hard to depict, but if you look at the campaigners during the enlisting and choice procedures, it is easy plenty to see whether they match the work to be filled.A A RecruitmentA The first measure in the enlisting procedure of the occupation to guarantee that it is necessary to accurately reflect the maps of the occupation to review.A Building on its work, including a brief description of the concern of providing information on the organisational civilization. InterviewsA of person-to-face is the best manner to make up ones mind whether the work history and calling ends to direct campaigners to your organisation s needs.A For illustration, that the applicant work history chiefly on the activities carried out independently of the office is the challenge of working for an organisation where most undertakings are achieved through teamwork. During the interview, describe every bit exactly as possible, the work environment.A Choosing the right personA When the short list of campaigners for those two or three, but here is where one can guarantee a true lucifer for the company.A In this stage of the choice a wise determination to campaigners based tour company possible.A assorted personal presentation and interaction and exchanges with employees observe non-verbal. A Monitoring and command This is the concluding measure in the planning of the organisation human resources.A When the plan is approved and execution has begun, it must be checked.A Human Resources section must follow up to see what happens in footings of available resources.A The thought is to do certain we use all available endowment available to us to neglect if we continue to contend to the top.A Recommendation Making a civilization of teamwork For teamwork happen, these powerful actions happen. leaders clearly hope that the teamwork and coaction are expected. Cipher is working infinite or the procedure itself.A Peoples who own work procedures and location unfastened to thoughts and feedback from others on the squad. Team learning theoretical account held in their interaction with each other and the remainder of the organisation. They maintain teamwork even when things go incorrect. Members talk about the organisation and the value of teamwork civilization identification.nWhen composing formal and shared values, teamwork is one of the five or six keys. Teamwork and wagess have been identified.A Lone Ranger, even if it is an first-class manufacturer, is rated lower than the individual who obtains the consequences with others in teamwork. Performance direction system focuses on teamwork and value. Often 360 degree feedback system is integrating. Decision Sony programs and schemes reflect different depending on their alone vision and mission.A Schemes, programs and even their menaces failures that contributes to the company.A Sony Corporation to take into history non merely new engineerings, new merchandises and mechanization, but the environment is healthy. Human resource direction is even possible cultural and national differences. Policies should separate IHRM organisation and integrating of all units.A Sony is an illustration to explain.A Human Resources supports the general decision that human resource direction for the benefit of employees and human resources activities in conformity with the strategic ends of Sony.A Sony directors held on the demand for staff and delegates undertakings to measure these good feelings on the leaders and they believe the company delegated authorization, which in bend additions occupation security for frames. Programs for different degrees of employees is to make a squad spirit among employees and a civilization in which everyone is entitled to do advancement in the publicity.

Your Top 10 Job Options with a High School Diploma

Your Top 10 Job Options with a High School Diploma top media’s unusual career correspondent is reporting that the 10 highest paying jobs that don’t require a college degree are: 10. court reporterthis field requires attention to detail, fast typing skills, a background check, and a few certification classes. salary ranges from $29k-$104k9. power distributors and dispatchersresponsibilities: coordinate, regulate, and distribute power like electricity and steam. hs diploma, long term on the job training. avg wage $71k.8. pilotscommercial, private, corporations: you get to fly planes! $73-110k average salary, but with huge variety depending on the type of license and specific responsibilities.7. detectives and criminal investigatorspursue investigations of potential breaches of state and federal laws, work like agents on csi, and earn $74k on average! hs diploma required.6. nuclear power reactor operatorsdon’t let homer simpson fool you, you use advanced equipment to monitor and record data. high school diploma requ ired, along with long term on-the-job training.5. elevator installers and techniciansthink how many elevators there are in the world and how often they break. this is clearly a career with lucrative potential and longevity.4. radiation therapistrts use radiation to target cancer cells, observe patients, and complete documentation. $77k average salary. this requires a 2-year associate degree or certificate.3. construction managerthis will need a few years of experience, but you can advance quickly to an on-call position where you administer corporate policies and supervise workers on projects. $41k – $130k.2. transportation, storage, distribution managersplanning, directing, and coordinating logistics in accordance with company policies and government laws. average wages are $81k.1. air traffic controllersafter lots of tests, screenings, background exams, and classes, you can be eligible to direct planes on runways! median salary is $122k per year and you earn every penny beca use this gig is stressful.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yxzs4oqnkr4

Marketing Mix and its Importance for the Marketers Essay

Marketing Mix and its Importance for the Marketers - Essay Example Over the years, more Ps have been identified to address the innovative features of the latest products and services. Lately, a set of four Cs has also been introduced by various theorists in an attempt to customize the four Ps so as to make them more customer-driven. According to Lauterborn, the four Cs represent consumer, communication, cost, and convenience (Burgers, 2008, p. 3). Shimizu has defined the four Cs as commodity, communication, cost, and channel (Solis, 2011, p. 201). Basically, commodity in C is the same as product in P, communication in C broadens the concept of promotion in P, cost in C is the replacement of price in P, whereas channel or convenience in C takes the concept of place in P to the next level. The product or commodity emphasizes on the importance of the physical attributes of the product or service that include but may not be limited to the size, weight, and dimensions of the product, and the materials used in it. Product is of immense importance because this is what the consumers need and the marketers’ entire marketing strategy is based on. In the contemporary age, one feature that the consumers are particularly interested in and which the marketers should thus place huge emphasis on is the innovation. Other factors that are also important include the product or service’s environment friendliness, and user friendliness. Price or cost is the aggregate of the entire values exchanged by the consumers. The price is determined by the benefits consumers are likely to attain by having the product or service being introduced by the marketers. This is the only factor in the marketing mix that determines the marketers’ revenues and thus, its role in the marketing objectives cannot be overestimated. Place is a very important element in the marketing mix and is extremely strategic in that the maximal success of the product or service depends upon the optimal location of its introduction in the market because a product or service would only be popular among the consumers if its features are consistent with their culture, norms, and values, in addition to their needs. Marketers employ the distribution channels to make their products and services available to the consumers. Place helps the marketers segment the products and services to ensure their optimal consumption. Marketers use promotion to advertise their products and services so that the consumers get to know about it. Promotion is also an equally strategic and important element of the marketing mix as place because maximal awareness about a product or service is created by advertising it on such platforms and mediums that are most commonly viewed and/or visited by the consumers. Various theories including the sets of Ps and Cs have been introduced to serve as a guideline for the marketers. Marketing mix helps the marketers to focus their attention and efforts in the right direction so that the product or service they introduce is not only of im mense value and use to the consumers but has enough scope in the market in the presence of similar products or services to earn the marketers their intended profits from making it. The marketing mix is of huge significance to the marketers because it facilitates them in the decision making both before the launch or a product or service and after it has been launched. Marketers use marketing mix modeling to achieve this. â€Å"Marketing mix modeling is a statistical analysis that links multiple variables, including marketing, sales activities, operations and external factors, to changes in consumer behavior, such as acquisition, sales, revenue, and retention† (Brooks, 2011, p. 2). Marketing mix model

Undecided Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Undecided - Research Paper Example The most vulnerable States were the third world countries;this is because they survived on loans, to bridge the deficits in their budget allocations. They also applied for these loans for purposes of initiating development activities within their states. On this note, the two Bretton woods institutions attached these conditions to ensure that the money lent, will carry out intended purposes2. The conditions were imposed for purposes of reducing the borrowing trends of the third world countries, and they were aimed at opening up their markets for purposes of trade, and thus a nation could generate sufficient resources to take care of its budget. On this note, the main aim of the policies was to force a state to open up their economies, and concentrate on trade. They advocated for the removal of trade barriers, and the privatization of the various government parastatals3. On this note, this paper examines the notion that the structural adjustments policies helped in the growth of the t hird world countries. ... tself and determine its own affairs.4 Other scholars argue that the structural adjustments policies were aimed at opening up the economies of third world countries, in order to allow well established companies, a presence in their economies. This in turn will lead to unfavorable balance of trade between the third world country, and the country in which the multinational company comes from. These scholars argue that at the time, third world countries did not have companies that had the capability of competing with these huge companies from Europe and United States of America. These companies controlled numerous resources, including financial and technological resources. On this note, companies operating in Africa, and Asia could not match them in terms of skills, and the resources. These Multinational companies enjoyed economic advantage, and therefore they would make huge profits in these economies, and plough them back into their mother countries, instead of investing a portion of t heir profits in the host country. On this note, this paper examines whether the structural adjustments policies contributed to the decline of the economies of third world countries. Synthesis: There are many arguments for and against liberalization of an economies state. One of the arguments supporting the opening up of a countries’ economy is that it would lead to the growth of the nation’s GDP. Take for instance Brazil, China and India, these three are the world’s fastest growing economies, and this is because they took measures to liberalize their economies, allowing competition, and little government regulation in their sectors. It also needs to an exchange of the much needed foreign exchange, which is beneficial to a nation’s GDP, and for International trade5. Take India for

Role of Environment in Learning Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Role of Environment in Learning - Research Paper Example Accommodation is the process by which children learn things through the process of failure. It changes the mental representation of the things through new experiences. On the other hand, assimilation is the process through which children get to absorb new things and experiences into their already present framework. Environment is one factor that cannot be ignored in any way as through the presence of the environment, people gain newer experiences and they also learn things that they were never aware of. Learning styles are different from culture to culture and from country to country. It has been seen that people from some country are very good in numbers or very quick to comprehend things that they are not aware of, while some people have very good oratory skills and are very fluent in languages and can even learn them easily. Learning methods that are used in Asia and Africa are very strict and controlled as children are not allow questioning the teacher or their teacher’s v iews. While in European countries people tend to be freer in knowledge sharing and questioning teachers. This is in serious contrast with the methods that are used in Asian countries. The environments in US and other counter parts are all quite less controlled and thus children are freer in their decision making and questioning. The methods of learning are far more interactive in the European countries and the teacher and student are all quiet confident in interacting with each other. In Asian countries the process of learning is very less interactive and children tend to be more quiet and the teachers are the ones who only talk and share the knowledge. The children hardly interact with their mentors or teachers. The kinds of environment that people belong to also play a very crucial role. If the people belong to an environment where learning is preferred and newer knowledge encouraged then people from such environments are very willing to learn newer things and impart it as well. H owever, in environments where learning is not an encouraged process and where learned people are treated as aliens or as people who should be avoided, then people are less receptive of such knowledge. It’s a common understanding that children who come from developed countries are more willing to learn newer things and adopt them while children coming from less developed countries are shy and not keen in learning new things as they might be in clash with their own traditions and culture. A major factor that affects learning is the facilitation that is present in the environment. If the environment is helpful and promotes learning then people tend to learn quickly. The other factors that are present in the environment are distractions that affect the learning process of the people. The most disastrous distraction that can be there in a child’s life and that can affect the learning process is that of family life. If a child grows in a negative environment then he will be very distracted and will never be able to learn properly. On the contrary, if he grows up in a family that has a positive environment then the child will be able to grasp things easily and will also be able to apply them positively in his life.

Impact of Corporate Governance on Capital Investment

Impact of Corporate Governance on Capital Investment Introduction Overview Through various studies over the years, different scholars and financial analysts have been able to establish a relationship of cash flow on firmsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ investment spending. It was significantly proven by (Modigliani Miller, 1958) that a firmâ„ ¢ financial status is irrelevant for real investment decisions in a world of perfect and complete capital markets, after controlling for the cost of capital. In case of managerial discretion, based on (Jensen, 1986) free cash flow theory, firms increase investment (including projects with negative present value) based on the availability of cash flows with incentive of increasing firmsâ„ ¢ value beyond level of optimal investment. Moreover, an agency costs also appreciate the borrower net worth by charging a premium on the external financing. The discussion above explains that the firmsâ„ ¢ investment decisions are dependent on the availability of internal funds, as cost advantage over external fund is evident. While choosing an appropriate capital structure, there are certain trade-offs which affects the decision. These trade-offs include tax advantage through acquiring debt against the bankruptcy cost which advocates the use of equity. Keeping this in view, various different models have been supported to explain this corporate capital structure behavior. Pecking Order Theory, initially mitigated by (Donaldson, 1961) describes the financing practice as prioritizing the means of financing, which is necessary for the management to counter against asymmetric information. Either they should generate the funds internally or acquire funds externally through debt rather than equity. Implications to the pecking order theory involves the positive impact of leveraging on the market price, which means, financing through debt sends a positive signal into the market about the firmâ„ ¢ future prospects. Furthermore, intermediaries also undermine the role of management as the financial intermediaries such as investment banks function as the insider to the firm. Consequently, keeping an eye on the firms operations and influencing the firmâ„ ¢ capital financing decision. However, Pecking order theory of (Myers, 1984) argues that the firms operating in imperfect or incomplete capital markets where the cost of external capital exceeds that of internal funds, the financial structure may be appropriate to the investment decisions of companies facing uncertain prospects. Gauging the level of corporate investment in any firm is based on the corporate governance; market position of a firmâ„ ¢ asset against its book value can be termed as Tobinâ„ ¢ q ratio. Identified by (Chung Pruitt, 1994), Tobinâ„ ¢ q as the ratio of a market value of a firm to the replacement cost of its assets. Tobinâ„ ¢ q can be considered an effective tool for determining financial performance as the data can be collected readily from a balance sheet. When calculating Tobinâ„ ¢ q ratio, the replacement cost can be determined approximately by the book value of firmâ„ ¢ plant and equipment. Approximate q can be replaced with the actual Tobinâ„ ¢ q to make the calculations unproblematic and data can be readily available without any discrepancies. Problem Statement To study the impact of corporate governance on the capital investment decision through cash flow and Tobinâ„ ¢ q interaction in relation with Capital Investment HypothesEs H0: Firms with investment spending that is influenced by cash flow will be associated with high Q values. In fact, the equilibrium level of Q for these firms will be larger than one. (FCF Theory) HA: Firms indicating a liquidity constraint by not paying dividends will have the most significant cash flow/investment relationship, and will be associated with high Q values in the market. (PO Theory) Outline of the study The report contains the contemplation of research data that will study the phenomenon of cash flows and investment discussed earlier in this paragraph. The study categorizes firms according to characteristics (such as dividend payout, size) which will help measure the level of constraints faced by firms. The study will help readers to understand the complexities of Pecking order theory and Free Cash Flows concept with regard to asymmetric information available and corporate governance which influences decision of the firms. To measure the effect that cash flow-financed capital spending and Q has on firmsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ investment, Ordinary Least Square Regression model will be used to estimate the function. To compute the influence on the Investment, instruments used are: (1) Cash Flow, (2) Approximate q, and (3) an interaction of both variables are created. Through studying the parameter estimates of interaction variable, positive influence on investment will support the Pecking Order hypothesis and negative influence will govern the Free Cash Flow hypothesis. The equation hypothesized in the next part is linear. Definitions Pecking Order Theory: (Myers, 1984): A firm is said to follow a pecking order if it prefers internal to external financing and debt to equity if external financing is used. Free Cash Flow Theory According to (Jensen, 1986) free cash flow theory, high cash flow and low debt create agency costs associated with conflicts between manager and share holder over the payout of this free cash, which is the cash left after the firm has invested in all available positive net present value projects. Capital Structure A careful and systematic analysis of how claims against a corporations assets can or should be determined, assessed, and accounted for. (Riahi-Belkaoui, 1999) Capital Investment Decision Capital Investment decisions are those decisions that involve current outlay in return for a stream of benefit in future years. (Drury, 2006) Tobinâ„ ¢ q Tobins q is a measure of investors expectations concerning a firms future profit potential. It is defined as the ratio of the market value of a firm to the replacement cost of its assets. (Strecker, 2009) Literature Review (Vogt, 1994) explained the capital spending behavior of companies with respect to change in dividend cash paid, cash flows, sales, and market value of assets. The regression equation models the variables to proportion of fixed assets, and distributes the firmsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ data in segments of Dividend Payout Groups and Asset Groups. Primarily, Dividend Cash has a strong negative impact on capital spending; it explains that in order to finance additional fixed investment firm needs to sock cash by reducing their dividend. Cash flow, Sales, and Q Ratio having a positive coefficient demonstrates that with an increase in future cash flows, the firm will improve its capital spending. (Cleary, 1999) has developed a relationship between the firmsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ investment decision and the firmâ„ ¢ financial status. Financial status has been studied with respect to the liquidity constraints. The data is classified into groups through a discriminant analysis on basis of dividend payout policy. These groups helped identify which firms are more prone to be financially constrained and the results showed that firms having high credit worthiness are significantly more sensitive to the availability of internal funds than that are less credit worthy. It has been proposed that the various ownership structures make managerial decision based on the interaction between investment and the firmsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ liquidity constraints. The study conducted by (Dedoussis Papadaki, 2010) mentioned that the management can be held separate from its ownership, even on basis of the nationality of the company. On the other hand, it also explained that the relative shareholding of CEO and the controlling shareholders can also be the basis of separation. Findings support that the Low Q, small, and new firms under the generalized model are facing asymmetric information problems. Indeed these firms are expected a priori to face financing problems that affect the cost of their external financing. On the other hand, low Q, old and low dividend firms are more likely to face managerial discretion problems that result to over-investment. The impact of Tobinâ„ ¢ Q is mainly used to determine the investment opportunity of the firm. In this article, marginal Tobinâ„ ¢ Q has been taken to evaluate the firmsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ investment and Research Development expenditures. Under the asymmetric information (AI) hypothesis firms with attractive investment opportunities may be unable to finance them because of inadequate internal cash flows and because the cost of external funds is too high due to the capital markets ignorance of the firms investment opportunities. The agency or managerial discretion (MD) hypothesis links investment to cash flows by assuming that managers obtain financial and psychological gains from managing a large and growing firm and thus invest beyond the point that maximizes shareholder wealth. (Gugler, Mueller, Yurtoglu, 2004) Taking in viewpoint the impact of capital structure on the capital investment decision, firmsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ investment demands is the more susceptible towards cost-of-capital or tax-based capital incentive. Whereas, capital structure seems irrelevant as against internal sources of funds can be effectively substituted with sources of funds generated externally. (Fazzari, Hubbard, Peterson, Blinder, Poterba, 1988) explicates that cash flow/investment relationship is more sensitive when taken in reference with firmsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ dividend behavior. Comparison based on firms having more or less liquidity constraints can be further improved when compared on a division based on the scale of the firms, i.e. young or small firms versus large ones. This way the researchers can address the problem of firms lacking the asymmetric information. Research Methods The chapter explains the model used in the given research study. The study focuses on analyzing the influence of Cash Flows and Tobinâ„ ¢ q on Corporate Investment. The equation representation consists of the proportion of capital spending to the beginning-of-periods net fixed asset (I/K) as a function of: (1) cash flow divided by beginning-of-period gross fixed asset (CF/K), and (2) beginning-of-period Tobins q (Q). Method of Data Collection Main source of collecting the required data is from secondary sources. It includes the Balance Sheet Analysis of Joint Stock Company listed in Karachi Stock Exchange provided by State Bank of Pakistan consisting of data of our relevant variables. The data was taken in annual terms to conduct this research. Sampling Technique The Convenience sampling or grab or opportunity sampling would be use in this research. Sample population selected because it is readily available and convenient. Sample Size The sample period taken under study covers 8-years period beginning at the start of 2000 and ending at the close of 2008. The data was taken from a sample of 70 (non-banking and non-financial) companies which are listed on Karachi Stock Exchange and included in KSE-100 index. Research Model Statistical technique Ordinary Least Square Regression technique is used to study the impact of variables included in the study. It helps studies the relationship between a dependent variable and several independent variable. It also assumes the relationship to be linear or ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"straight line,ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€š? where the values of predictors lies directly proportional to Criterion variable. SPSS Software is used to develop the regression model and evaluate the influence of predictors on dependent variable. Results Findings and interpretation of results Aggregate Sample: Table : Represents the model summary of regression estimates for the full sample of 69 firms The predictors, i.e. main effects of Cash Flow and Tobinâ„ ¢ q and an interaction term of both, included in the model helps explain 78.5% of Investment (Table 1) shown mentioned as R Square. Least variation in Adjusted R Square suggests that the variable to observation ratio in the given model is sufficient. Casewise diagnostic was also conducted to eliminate the outliers in the data to improve the results. Table : Studies the F-statistics to test whether the model predicts the dependent variable significantly The F-statistics (Table 2) is significant and it determines the regression model with the given predictors can significantly predict the outcomes at a 0.05 significance level. Table : The parameter estimation for full sample of 69 firms with respect to dependent variable, t-statistics is used to test the null hypothesis ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²1 = ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²2 = ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²3 = 0 The coefficient values of all predators included in the test are significant at a 0.05 significant level (Table 3), which shows that they have a strong influence on the investment of the firm. The standard coefficient shows that Cash Flows have a much greater impact on Investment than market value on the firm, which is exemplified through Tobinâ„ ¢ q. Dividend Payout groups: Table : Presents the sample statistics for 69 KSE listed (non-banking and non-financial) companies which are included in the KSE-100 index. The three rows distribute the statistics into High, Medium, and Low payout policies. Average dividend-to-income ratios of greater than 0.35, between 0.35 and 0.10, and less than 0.10 define High, Low, and Medium dividend-payout firms, respectively. While studying the dividend-payout groups (Table 4), the descriptive helps to identify characteristics to confirm whether the data being studied has the authenticity and the behavior pattern which commonly related to the groups assigned. The values of Investment, Cash Flow, and Tobinâ„ ¢ q associated with the groups are in complete correspondence with the hypothetical occurrence. Firms having a higher (lower) dividend payout have greater (lower) market value, and lower(higher) level of cash flows and investments. Table : Represents the model summary of regression estimates of 69 firms split by High, Medium, and Low dividend-payout policies. The model helps explains 81.9%, 66.7%, and 80% data in High, Medium, and Low dividend-payout firms (Table 5), shown in R Square. Least variation in Adjusted R Square suggests that the number of observations is sufficient with respect to variables in each group separately. Table : Studies the F-statistics to test the null hypothesis of ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²1, H = ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²1, M = ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²1, L The F-statistics (Table 6) in each dividend payout group is significant and it determines that each regression model with the given predictors can significantly predict the outcomes at a 0.05 significance level. Table : Shows the parameter estimation for each payout groups with respect to dependent variable, t-statistics is used to test the null hypothesis ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²1 = ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²2 = ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²3 = 0 The coefficient values of predators in High and Low dividend payout groups are all significant at a 0.05 significant level (Table 7), which shows that they have a strong influence on the investment of the firm. Except for Medium dividend payout group, which has insignificant coefficient values of Tobinâ„ ¢ q, showing no impact on the investment. The standard coefficient shows that Cash Flows have a much greater impact on Investment than market value on the firm, which is exemplified through Tobinâ„ ¢ q. Hypothesis Assessment Summary Hypothesis Independent Variables B t Sig. Comments Firms with investment spending that is influenced by cash flow will be associated with high Q values. In fact, the equilibrium level of Q for these firms will be larger than one. (FCF Theory) Cash Flow ÃÆ'Æ’Ã ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  Q H0= ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²3 ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²3,H = .135 5.295 .000 Rejected ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ² 3,M = .072 .991 .324 ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ² 3,L = .140 5.482 .000 Firms indicating a liquidity constraint by not paying dividends will have the most significant cash flow/investment relationship, and will be associated with high Q values in the market. (PO Theory) Cash Flow ÃÆ'Æ’Ã ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  Q HA= ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²3 >0 ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ² 3,H = .135 5.295 .000 Accepted ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ² 3,M = .072 .991 .324 ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ² 3,L = .140 5.482 .000 Dependent Variable: Investment Table : Summarizes the results and explains that the hypothesis accepted is directly in correspondence with the aggregate hypothesis. As illustrated (Table 8) capital spending of low payout firms is positively and strongly influenced by the interaction term, consistent with the PO hypothesis, the parameter estimate for the high payout firms are also positive but marginally significant. Conclusion, Discussions, Implications And Future Research Conclusion The results illustrated above demonstrates that the positive relationship between the degree of the CF/I relationship and Q found latter in the aggregate data (Table 3) is concentrated in low or no dividend paying firms. This finding is in further support with the PO hypothesis. Discussions The objective was to study and test the causes of universal relationship between Cash Flow and Investment Spending. Hence, two hypotheses were included in the research to study the source of this relationship: the free cash flow hypothesis (FCF) hypothesis, which works on the assumption that managers prefer investing its free cash flow excessively into investment projects that are not profitable, and the pecking order hypothesis (PO) purports that managers are prone to investment comparatively less than the opportunity provided due asymmetric information-induced liquidity constraint. As advocated in favor of Pecking Order Theory by (Fazzari, Hubbard, Peterson, Blinder, Poterba, 1988) and many others, for groups which consists of small firms with low-dividend payout to fund capital spending, exhibits heavy reliance on cash flow and cash changes. The relationship can be more significantly studied when the impact of larger q value is associated with this group. Evaluating the impact of corporate governance on investment-cash flow relation requires a critical judgment as to how do the firmsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ cash flow and the existing market value influence the investment decision. Financially constraint firms may have a larger impact on liquidity associated matters and managers might take discretion in choosing the right sources to tap. Agency cost may be involved in making such a decision where managers may consider paying dividend as a higher opportunity cost as it reduces the firmsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ free cash flow to exploit new profitable investment projects. Implications and Recommendations In the current market situation where external pressures existing can also be taken into proxy. When managers making a capital investment decision they need to take in view other non-financial aspects that also influences the decisions to a certain extent. Furthermore, financial intermediaries having a certain level of involvement and sharing information sensitive to the market can also be a major factor that might be giving a varying result against Investment. Investing in profitable-investment projects can bring in greater resources to the firm in future and it entails a huge decision burden upon the shoulders of the managers. Shareholders expecting to earn a greater return through investing in them can also be undermined when manager decided to have a low payout policy. Funds generated internally is a possibility where there is a healthy cash flow, but it is also preferable if this free cash is invested into marketable security for allocating the resources into a profitable venture for a time being to make it a positive impression. Future Research In future studies there may be more aspects of cash flow-investment relationship which can be studied for assessing the degree impact it has on this relationship, i.e. sales, debt performance, capital structure, firm size, etc. The research study may also be improved if the observation of firms are increased that will in turn reflect a more clear picture about the relationship in the current scenario.

Euthanasia Opinion :: Free Euthanasia Essay

Euthanasia Opinion Euthanasia is the intentional termination of life by another at the request of the person who dies. Although it is legal in Holland, it is illegal throughout the UK and is an extremely controversial topic often discussed in the media. When it is being debated it is essential to address all the issues and arguments for and against, religious and non-religious, as all the churches oppose it strongly. There are very many points against euthanasia. The first is that life is a gift from God and only he can take it away. This is obviously a strong religious argument that many people feel cannot be argued against, as any gift from God should be treasured. Some people also argue that there are many pain-killing drugs that will relieve the patients suffering and that at the time the patient may not be able to make a rational decision or may change their minds but be incapable of expressing this to a doctor. Older people may feel they are becoming a burden upon their families and other people and opt for euthanasia although they may actually want to continue living. It also means that the relationship of trust between doctors and patients is put at risk as it goes against the Hippocratic Oath that doctors must try to preserve life. Some people argue that if there were better facilities for caring for the dying there would be no need for euthanasia. Euthanasia is also seen to devalue life and can be said to be the first step on a "slippery slope." The Catholic Church has the following opinion on euthanasia: "à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Euthanasia goes against Christianity and the will of God. It is sinful and wrong." Although the churches disagree strongly with euthanasia, there are still many people who would put forward strong arguments for it and would like to see it legalised. These arguments would be that it can quickly and humanely end a patient's suffering and it can help to shorten the grief and emotional pain of the loved ones of the

Analysis Essay For The Crucible Essay

Directions: Choose ONE of the essay prompts/topics below. Answer your chosen prompt in a five-paragraph essay based around a one-part thesis. Each of your three body paragraphs must include a quote from The Crucible. Since this essay has a more straightforward format than the Close Reading essay for Great Expectations, we will be focusing on the writing process as you move towards producing a final draft. Consequently, you will be required to complete the prewriting work in this packet, write TWO drafts, complete a peer-editing letter, and produce a final draft. Rewrites will NOT be offered on this essay, so visiting the Writing Center is encouraged! Possible Essay Topics 1. Despite the Puritan background of the citizens of Salem, it seems as though almost every character tells a lie at one time or another throughout The Crucible. What specific role does dishonesty play in The Crucible? 2. Fear and faith are both powerful forces at work in Salem. In your opinion, what does The Crucible say or suggest about the relationship between faith and fear? 3. Many characters in The Crucible seem preoccupied with the status and maintenance of their reputations. What impact does the presence of this reputation-centered mentality have on the evolution of the trials? Read Also:  Topics for Analytical Essay Prewriting Select a topic (circle or star your choice above), and jot down the first few ideas that pop into your head when you think about how you would go about answering your selected question. If you can’t decide on a topic, brainstorm ideas for two topics you’re thinking about. Based on how many ideas you’re able to come up with for each topic, choose one (if drafting doesn’t go well, you can always change your mind later on). Brainstorming: Brainstorm a clear, coherent answer to the question (this will be the basis of your thesis). Answer: Now, brainstorm what you could possibly focus on in your three body paragraphs to prove your thesis. In other words, what THREE reasons/ideas will you use to support/justify your thesis? 1. 2. 3. Formulate your thesis. Your thesis should clearly state your answer to the topic question. Since you will be writing a one part thesis, you do NOT need to include your three supporting reasons or ideas in your thesis. Remember that you will be answering the question objectively, so the word â€Å"I† should NOT appear in your thesis (or anywhere else in the paper). Thesis: _____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Create a logical order of ideas for your paper. One idea (in terms of your thesis) will guide each body paragraph. Under each main idea, brainstorm potential quotes you will pull from The Crucible to support your argument in  that body paragraph. You don’t necessarily need to include direct quotes yet; a paraphrase or note that will remind you of a specific quote is fine. Body Paragraph 1: ______________________________________________________________________ Possible quotes: Body Paragraph 2: ______________________________________________________________________ Possible quotes: Body Paragraph 3: ______________________________________________________________________ Possible quotes: Putting it all Together 1. In your introductory paragraph, include a hook statement/attention grabber that relates to your topic, and include a small amount of background information (assume your reader has read the book). Be sure to include the title and author (Remember to italicize the title!). You will end your introduction with your thesis statement. 2. Your three body paragraphs must begin with a topic sentence that transitions into the paragraph, states the main idea of the body paragraph, and relates to the thesis in some way. Support your argument with evidence from the novel. You must include a quote from the novel in each body paragraph to support your claims, and you MUST analyze/discuss the importance of that quote to prove your point! Your analysis should explain specifically HOW each quote proves your thesis. Include a concluding sentence for each body paragraph that connects back to your thesis. 3. In your concluding paragraph, restate your thesis and reinforce the main points of your paper. Any specific items of background information that you referenced in your introduction could be mentioned again. Most importantly,  your conclusion should end with a detailed, well thought-out statement of the IMPLICATIONS of your argument. Answer the question of â€Å"So what?† Tell your reader why your argument matters or what your argument implies (this is your take-home message). General Requirements: Use 12 pt. Times New Roman Font and 1† margins. Type double-spaced on one side of the paper. Do not use I, me, we, YOU or any other personal pronouns. Do not refer to the essay or narrate the essay as you write it – just write it! Do not refer directly to quotes. For ex., there’s no need to say â€Å"This quote says†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"This quote shows†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Use at least THREE quotes in your paper. â€Å"Properly cite your quotes with page numbers in parentheses after each quote,† said Mrs. Filush (4). Write your essay in present tense. Example – Proctor says†¦, Abigail believes†¦ DUE DATES: Pre-writing Packet:____________________ (5 points) 1st Draft: ____________________ (15 points) Peer Editing Letter: ____________________ (15 points) 2nd Draft: ____________________ (15 points) Final Draft: ____________________ (75 points) Rubric Checklist – The Crucible Essay INTRO – ______/ 10 pointsComments: _____ Hook/attention grabber _____ Background Information _____ Title, Author (listed correctly) _____ Thesis Statement offers specific argument in   response to topic. BODY #1– ______/ 15 points _____ Transition _____ Topic sentence connects to thesis _____ Topic sentence includes main idea of paragraph _____ Paragraph includes quote; quote is cited properly _____ Context provided for quote/quote well-blended into writing _____ Discusses/analyzes quote to help support argument _____ Paragraph ends with a connection to the thesis BODY #2– ______/ 15 points _____ Transition _____ Topic sentence connects to thesis _____ Topic sentence includes main idea of paragraph _____ Paragraph includes quote; quote is cited properly _____ Context provided for quote/quote well-blended into writing _____ Discusses/analyzes quote to help support argument _____ Paragraph ends with a connection to the thesis BODY #3– ______/ 15 points _____ Transition _____ Topic sentence connects to thesis _____ Topic sentence includes main idea of paragraph _____ Paragraph includes quote; quote is cited properly _____ Context provided for quote/quote well-blended into writing _____ Discusses/analyzes quote to help support argument _____ Paragraph ends with a connection to the thesis CONCLUSION – ______/ 10 points _____ Restates thesis _____ Wraps up main points _____ Leaves reader thinking about the larger implications STYLE & MECHANICS – ______/ 10 points _____ Double spaced; 12 pt. Times New Roman font; 1† margins _____ Essay is written in present tense _____ No use of I, me, we, or YOU (personal pronouns) _____ No reference to essay or quote _____ No contractions _____ Proofread: No grammatical or spelling errors _____ Sentence structure: Essay is free of fragments and run-ons _____ Style, sentence variety, and diction (word choice) Final Draft _______/75Prewriting Work (packet): _______/51st Draft: _______/15 Peer Editing Letter: _______/152nd Draft: _______/15 Total Score_______/125Letter Grade: _______