The Importance of Ion Channels Essay -- Disease, Disorders

Oculocutaneous albinism is the lack of color in an individual skin hair and eyes. This is a condition that exists from birth. This a The Importance of Ion Channels: An Analysis of the Long QT Syndrome Inheritance method Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) is an uncommon congenital heart condition in which patients affected by this syndrome are at high risks for cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death due to mutations in cardiac ion channels (Crotti et al., 2008). There are two particular variants to the Long QT Syndrome; one is called the Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Syndrome (J-LN), which is associated with deafness, and the other has been named the Romano-Ward Syndrome (R-W), in which there is no connection with deafness (Crotti et al., 2008). The Romano-Ward Syndrome is known to be the more common type of LQTS and is autosomal dominant (Russell et al., 1996), whereas the Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Syndrome is less common and is autosomal recessive (Crotti et al., 2008). Gene(s) responsible or implicated in the disorder The research community has divided the Long QT Syndrome by types, depending upon the different mutations in four of the cardiac ion- channel genes, KVLQT1, HERG, SCN5A, and KCNE1 (Zareba et al., 1998). Mutations within these voltage-gated ion channels ultimately disrupt the normal nerve impulses that take place within myocardial cells. Sodium and potassium channels play key roles during action potentials as it is through these channels that their respective ions are able to enter and leave the cell in order to generate electrical excitation or inhibition throughout. Such channels are composed of subunits of proteins, and damage within even one subunit can alter the overall function of the action potential, which will alte... ...ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: 52. Priori, S., Napolitano, C., Schwartz, P., (1999). Low penetrance in the long-qt syndrome. Circulation 99, 529-533. Russell, M., Dick, M., Collins, F., Brody, L,. (1996). KVLQT1 mutations in three families with familial or sporadic long QT syndrome. Human Molecular Genetics 5, 1319-1324. Westenskow, P., Splawski, I., Timothy, K., Keating, M., Sanguinetti, M., (2004). Compound mutations: a common cause of severe long-QT syndrome. Circulation 109, 1834-1841. Zareba, W., Moss, A., Schwartz, P., Vincent, M., Robinson, J., Priori, S., Benhorin, J., Locati, E., Towbin, J., Keating, M., Lehmann, M., Hall, J., Andrews, M., Napolitano, C., Timothy, K., Zhang, L., Medina, A., MacCluer, J., (1998). Influence of the genotype on the clinical course of the long-QT syndrome. The New England Journal of Medicine 339, 960-965.

Bcg Matrix Critique

Marketing Critique: BCG Matrix Your Name Here Table of Contents Introduction3 Concept Overview3 Functional Critique5 Intellectual Critique6 Ethical Critique7 Political Critique8 Conclusion8 Bibliography9 Introduction This paper will attempt to provide a broad critique of the Boston Consulting Group Matrix in light of the ideas of Hackley (2009). In his book Marketing:A Critical Introduction, Hackley presents a framework for analysing marketing models.He suggests that well established marketing concepts should be re-evaluated from time to time, to determine if the marketing studies for that area are applicable to current practice, and revisit the functional, intellectual, ethical, and political relevance of the said concept. I opted to evaluate the Boston Consulting Group model, which is an established tool of the strategic management field, used frequently in marketing circles to optimize product mix.Where alternative versions of the matrix have come up in recent studies, the traditi onal BCG Matrix continues to be popular and this paper intends to evaluate whether the support for the model is justified or needs to be rectified. Concept Overview The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix was initially designed in the works of a leading management consulting firm, the Boston Consulting Group. Henderson (1970) first presented the concept of the Product Portfolio Matrix, the framework of which categorized products within a company's portfolio as â€Å"stars†, â€Å"cash cows†, â€Å"dogs†, or â€Å"question marks†.Also called the Growth-Share Matrix, the model presented by Henderson (1970), organized the products as per their respective growth rate, market share, and positive or negative cash flow. The Matrix was said to create further growth opportunities for the firm if more resources were invested in those products which generated positive cash flows. The model described â€Å"Stars† as those which enjoy a large market share in a rapidly growing industry. Where these stars generate cash, the nature of the market mandates the business to invest cash in order to maintain the product’s market share.The model suggests that continued investment in these â€Å"stars† will eventually lead to these products in becoming â€Å"cash cows† â€Å"Cash Cows† are products which have a large market share in a mature industry. Cash cows are therefore well established, and do not require much investment (marketing expenditures) to continue to generate cash flow. As these products generate cash flow, they are highly guarded. Over time, however, these cows may lose appeal in the market and may have to be retrenched. â€Å"Question Marks† are products which have a low market share in a high growth industry.These products require significant cash investments to generate any kind of boost in sales. Strategies in the case of question marks may either lean towards expansion or retrenchment, depend ing on the market share growth enjoyed by the product. Lastly, there are the â€Å"dogs† which are product lines with low market share in low-growth markets. The nature of the market usually results in these products being produced at a cost disadvantage, and as a result, the cash flow generated from these products is negligible. Businesses usually seek to divest these products, unless they serve an alternate strategic aim.Functional Critique The BCG Matrix presents a strong framework as to how products can be managed from a strategic marketing perspective. At the core of it, the functionality of the BCG Matrix is focused around maximizing returns on investment and how best to deploy organizational resources (Cooper, Edgett, Kleinschmidt, 1999). However, there have been several critiques of its applicability (Stalk and Stern, 1998). In particular, the model has been criticized for its polarities with respect to how the market growth and market shares have been presented.In th e real world, products do not have a high or low share, and are often stuck somewhere in the middle (Hambrick, MacMillan, and Day, 1982). The matrix presents no ideas as to what kind of strategies are to be implemented for the product in this case. Further, market growth rate has been cited as an important driver of product development. Contrary to the advice of the BCG Matrix, market growth rate is viable only till the point of saturation, after which point it would be counterintuitive for the firm to be investing in a product that does not enjoy majority stake (Stalk and Stern, 1998).The critical view of the BCG Growth-Share Matrix was also shared by Morrison and Wensley (1991), who claimed that the model was â€Å"myopic† as it prescribed a set of strategic solutions, rather than encourage marketing executives to think creatively with respect to their product lines. On the contrary, Cooper, Edgett and Kleinschmidt (1999) found in their study that firms which centered strat egy on the product portfolio model were not only more financially viable, but marginally outperformed other firms.Therefore, it is safe to conclude that where the applicability of the BCG model may be challenging, the results it produces are enough for strategists to continue using the model. Intellectual Critique Morrison and Wensley (1991) found that the BCG Matrix set a standard for strategic models, and that a plethora of similar matrix style models came about in the years after the BCG Matrix was introduced (Wind, Mahajan, and Swire, 1983). However, this is where the intellectual contribution of the BCG Matrix ends, they argue.They claim that the Matrix oversimplified the nature of marketing strategies, and streamlined product arrangements in a way that was confirmatory rather than innovative, a view shared by Marren (2004). Other researchers tend to believe that the introduction of the BCG matrix brought forth the importance of financial management in marketing. In particular Schoeffler, Buzzell, ; Heany (1974), Wind, Mahajan ; Swire (1983), and Dirkinderen ; Crum (1984) found that the model recalibrated organizations to focus their strategies more around portfolio management and enhancement.The simplicity of the matrix meant that it could be applied to other areas of marketing management, such as product life cycle model (Barksdale ; Harris, 1982), sales force management (Strahle ; Spiro, 1986). Despite the fact that the model faced significant critique from the academia when it was first launched, it is ironic that the BCG Matrix continues to be an inevitable curriculum component in almost every Marketing and Business Management program around the world.In their study, Morrison and Wensley (1991) found that a majority of instructors continued to espouse the benefits of the matrix to their students, despite having some reservations about its applicability. Perhaps the best appraisal of the intellectual value of the BCG Matrix was provided by Henderson, the creator of the model: â€Å"a milestone on the search for insight into business system dynamics, but certainly not the end of the road† (Moore, 2001). Ethical Critique As per Hackley (2009), marketing studies need to examine the ethical and social values which surround marketing practice and theory.In the case of the Boston Consulting Group Matrix, the model is an internal strategic tool which shapes product assortment which is to be deployed to the market. The nature of the model is such that it advocates products with high market share in strong market growth. The ethical quandary posed here is whether the organization should retrench a product line which has low market share, in an industry of low market growth, but the product serves a purpose that is beneficial to society (such as pharmaceuticals).In a similar vein, is it ethical for a company to invest more resources into promoting a product in a growing market, even when the company is aware of the adverse effects of the product (such as cigarettes). In other words, should an organizations product assortment be negligent of social benefits, and be determined solely on market dynamics alone (McDonald ; Leppard, 1992), in a time when businesses are advocating principles of corporate social responsibility?It is also pertinent to note that the BCG matrix encourages organizations to continue investing in profitable ventures (â€Å"cash cows†), whereas it suggests retrenching investment to those products (â€Å"dogs†) which are not responding to market stimulation initiatives. Considering the large research and development expenditures that go into creating and launching a product, it is not clear from the BCG model about how long the company should wait before removing the product from markets altogether (Seeger, 1984).Therefore, users of this model may want to base decisions in the context of net social benefit to continue driving the long term sustainability of the company and soci ety at large. Political Critique As Hackley (2009) indicated, when analysing any marketing tool, it is important to analyse where the concept originated and what institutional forces stood to advantage from its evolution. In the case of the BCG Matrix, as described earlier, the model was originated in the work of Henderson (1970).The matrix was an integral component of the Boston Consulting Group and was used by several influential benchmark companies at the time of its launch. The matrix also enjoyed coverage in the press, despite strong criticism by academia (Morrison and Wensley, 1991). It is clear that the hype around the model stood to benefit the Boston Consulting Group the most, a fact that is confirmed by the fact that the company propagates its use to this very day, despite being aware of its shortcomings.It has also been found that aside from promoting and capitalizing on the â€Å"success† of their models, consultancies go great lengths to ensure that they attract the highest profiled organizations to employ their services, so that they can charge higher consulting fees citing the quality of their past work (O'Shea & Madigan, 1998). Conclusion In conclusion, it is clear that the Boston Consulting Group Matrix is flawed in many respects, but continues to enjoy support in academic circles for its implications of strategy.It also serves to purpose that the model has inspired the creation of numerous other matrices to assist organizations in strategizing better. However, as with any marketing tool, it is important to keep in mind the ethical implications of the decision-making advised by these strategic models. Bibliography Cooper, R. G. , Edgett, S. J. , & Kleinschmidt, E. J. (1999). New product portfolio management: practices and performance. Journal of product innovation management, 16(4), 333-351. Hackley, C. (2009). Marketing: A critical introduction. Sage Publications Limited. Derkinderen, F. G. & Crum, R. L. (1984). Pitfalls in using portf olio techniques—Assessing risk and potential. Long Range Planning, 17(2), 129-136. O'Shea, J. , ; Madigan, C. (1998). Dangerous company: Management consultants and the businesses they save and ruin. Penguin USA. Henderson, B. (1970). The product portfolio. BCG Perspectives series (The Boston Consulting Group, 1970). Hambrick, D. C. , MacMillan, I. C. , ; Day, D. L. (1982). Strategic Attributes and Performance in the BCG Matrix–A PIMS-Based Analysis of Industrial Product Businesses. Academy of Management Journal, 25(3), 510-531.Barksdale, H. C. , ; Harris Jr, C. E. (1982). Portfolio analysis and the product life cycle. Long Range Planning, 15(6), 74-83. Marren, P. (2004). The matrix revisited. Journal of Business Strategy, 25(4). McDonald, M. , ; Leppard, J. W. (1992). Marketing by matrix: 100 practical ways to improve your strategic and tactical marketing. Butterworth-Heinemann. Morrison, A. , ; Wensley, R. (1991). Boxing up or boxed in? : A short history of the Boston Consulting Group share/growth matrix. Journal of Marketing Management, 7(2), 105-129. Schoeffler, S. , Buzzell, R.D. , ; Heany, D. F. (1974). Impact of strategic planning on profit performance (pp. 137-145). Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University. Seeger, J. A. (1984). Research note and communication. Reversing the images of BCG's growth/share matrix. Strategic Management Journal, 5(1), 93-97. Stalk, G. , & Stern, C. W. (Eds. ). (1998). Perspectives on Strategy: From the Boston Consulting Group. J. Wiley. Wind, Y. , Mahajan, V. , & Swire, D. J. (1983). An empirical comparison of standardized portfolio models. The Journal of Marketing, 89-99.

Essay about Understanding Evolutionary Psychology in an...

Understanding Evolutionary Psychology in an Organization Organisation consists of managers and their employees striving for their goals and aspiration. In a work place there is tremendous amount of disputes and misunderstanding as people interact with each other. Study of psychology provides important information and insights about the human behaviour. An understanding of human behaviour is useful to a manager in maintaining and improving workplace performance. Personality is a vital tool, which indicates success or the failure of an individual for that job. Those relatively stable enduring aspects of the individual which distinguish him from other people and at the same time form the basis of†¦show more content†¦May affect how managers make decisions, solve problems, handle conflicts, deal with politics, and cope with stress. Helps us understand how others are different from us, despite similar experiences and situations. The right personality for the job is always a combination of job fit and job attitude that varies with job type and organizational culture.Personality questionnaires help managers to compare individuals on the same criteria and distinguish between them in terms of good and bad. Questionnaires revels the level or abilities of an individual that would be appropriate at the workplace. Problem solvingscale displays he or she prefers jobs requiring a mental challenge and solving complex problems or avoid mentally challenging positions. Administration scale shows that he or she likes to follow precedent and established processes or break rules and work without structure or guidelines. Resistance to change scale represents resistance to change and a desire for stability and consistency. Teamwork scale indicates whether he or she prefers to work alone or with others. Expressiveness scale represents whether individual is outgoing and having many social contacts or vise versa. Impulsiveness is a measure of how fast a person likes to make decisions. Perfectionism scale represents the persons attitude toward producing a perfect product. Attitude toward work scale represents how anShow MoreRelatedneurophysiological theory Essay examples937 Words   |  4 PagesNeurophysiological and Evolutionary Theories Paper For one who may be interested in the neurophysiological or evolutionary theories of psychology, one need not look any further than Donald Olding Hebb who has been described as the father of neuropsychology and Robert C. Bolles who did most of his work in experimental psychology. Hebb is best known for his theory of Hebbian Learning which was introduced in his 1949 work: The Organization of Behavior. As farRead MoreBased Stress Reduction And Behavioral Therapy Course Essay1253 Words   |  6 PagesFactors governing human development â€Å"Behavior is organized, but the organization of behavior is merely derivative; the structure of behavior stands to mental structure as an effect stands to its cause.† (Fodor, 1983, p. 2). In the context of behavior and mental structure, human development can be viewed from two major angles, namely evolutionary psychology or the historical change of humans by natural selection, and individual psychology or the psychological/personality development and maturation of eachRead MoreThe Personality Of Personality Psychology Essay1051 Words   |  5 Pagesby that person’s individual personality. No two personalities are alike. This is because a person’s individual personality is made up of a unique variety of characteristics called traits. Raymond Cattell, a researcher in the field of personality psychology, found that there were at least 171 traits identified and labeled by researchers. Many of these traits were closely related to each other, and carried the same meaning. Cattell realized this and â€Å"took a set of traits, collected ratings on them,Read MoreDispositional, Evolutionary And Evolutionary Theory1283 Words   |  6 Pages Dispositional, and Evolutionary Theory Nicholas DeRico PSY/405 August 24, 2015 Dispositional, Biological and Evolutionary Theory Abstract There are many theories that attempt to clarify the structures that influence personality, for example dispositional, and Evolutionary theory. This paper will discuss the differences that are among dispositional and evolutionary personality theories, as well as, strengths and limitations of dispositional and evolutionary and biological personalityRead MoreZoology Essay1264 Words   |  6 Pagesbeak shape to classify birds. Another leading systematist of this era was the French biologist Comte Georges Leclerc de Buffon. The study of comparative anatomy was extended by such men as Georges Cuvier, who devised a systematic organization of animals based on specimens sent to him from all over the world. Although the word cell was introduced in the 17th century by the English scientist Robert Hooke, it was not until 1839 that two Germans, Matthias Schleiden andRead MoreThe Impact Of Applied And Behaviorist Psychology On The Field Of Psychology1327 Words   |  6 PagesImpact of Applied and Behaviorist Psychology on the Field In this paper I will discuss the impact that applied and behaviorist psychology has had on the field of psychology. J. R. Angell at the University of Chicago is possibly one of the most advanced of the functional psychologists, predicted that American psychology was prepared for better objectivity. In 1910, he stated that it is possible that the term consciousness would more than likely vanish from psychology, even more than the term soul hadRead MoreDepression And Its Effects On Depression1317 Words   |  6 Pagessometimes those same theories will have negatives consequences. In an attempt to further understand depression, I chose Depression’s Upside. If one were simply reading the title, one would assume this would be about some sort of break through in the Psychology field of research, or at the very least an optimistic view on depression. However, the entire article was based on the idea that reasons for depression were causes of it. In the article, depression is first discussed through Charles Darwin’s pointRead MoreEssay on PCL-R: The Test of Success882 Words   |  4 Pageshave been widely examined, from evolutionary perspectives to business environments, and will be summarized in the following reviews. The basics will start it off: evolution. From an evolutionary point of view, psycopathy is a collection of adaptations that have proven successful enough to continue being naturally selected for. A profuse number of evolutionary theories all pose very similar questions as to why there are psychopaths; however, the study Evolutionary Theory and Psychopathy explainedRead MoreThe Theories Of The Theory Of Psychology1493 Words   |  6 PagesPsychology develop from its prescientific roots in early understands of both mind and body to the present beginning of modern science by the numerous contributions of many philosophers. These ideas that are recorded could be traced back to Asia and Europe, where the religions and ideas of Buddha and Confucius is originated. Ancient Hebrews, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are the philosophers that became very intrigued with how the mind and body works and debated several reasons that may be the answerRead MoreMotivation Application Essay Sample789 Words   |  4 PagesMedicine (UMMSM). I am a graduate of Montclair State University, NJ, with a double major in biology and psychology. I have completed my high school in a war-torn country, Afghanistan. In 2006, after high school, alongside, it was not safe for women, I did not have adequate for options to continue my higher education in sciences. Therefore, it was feasible to start working for international organizations in database related position, so started as a database operator and resigned from as database developer

Entrepreneurship Within The Cleaning Industry - 2808 Words

Executive Summary This report will explore the issue of entrepreneurship within the cleaning Industry. The cleaning industry is vital to the economy, through the large numbers of staff employed, the revenue generated and the role it plays in the maintenance of public health and hygiene. There are two major markets within the cleaning industry: the consumer market and the commercial market. There are three key issues facing the entrepreneur in this industry: the quality of service, the quality retention of staff and the image of the industry. This report will look at these three issues more closely. One of the most encouraging findings which may well help to improve poor image is the newly formed CIRI – Cleaning Industry Research†¦show more content†¦The cleaning industry is a competitive environment which offers opportunity to the astute entrepreneur with sound business skills to innovate new services and methods. 1. INTRODUCTION – ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITHIN THE CLEANING INDUSTRY This report is going to explore the issues of entrepreneurship within the cleaning industry. The definition of an entrepreneur covers a wide range of understandings depending on the researcher or writer studied. The Oxford English Dictionary (Simpson,1989) defines an entrepreneur as a ‘person who attempts to profit by risk and initiative’(p.408). This indicates entrepreneurs use a high degree of initiative and that they are willing to assume high degrees of risk. â€Å"Jean-Baptist Say, the French economist usually credited with inventing the word said; ‘entrepreneurs shift economic resources from an area of lower productivity into an area of higher productivity and greater yield’†(Burns,2001,p.4). The entrepreneur attempts to do this by seizing opportunities for change in technology, resources, demographics or prices to create value and a new demand or a new market (Burns, 2001) giving customers benefits through greater choice and price competi tion (Frederick, Kuratko, Hodgetts, 2006).This report will give a broad overview of the cleaning industry and will then look at some of the issues faced by

Obesity Is A Medical Condition - 2163 Words

Interest of public in the topic of obesity has been rising because of recent examples like heart disease, stroke and some other chronic diseases that caused by obesity. Obesity is a medical condition which is defined as unusual or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. Obesity happens because of having too much body fat, and the formula to calculate the body mass index (BMI) is the square of a person’s height (in meters) divide his or her weight (in kilograms). Obesity is different from overweight which includes the extra weight from his or her muscle, bone, fat or body water that affect the body weight of a person (Medline Plus, n.d.). For instance, slim individual may also have a high BMI that is measured obese even though he or she does not have too much body fat, but heavily boned or muscled. Thus, it is crucial to remember that, while BMI is considerably correlated with the amount of body fat of a person, it cannot conclude the body type of that person, and may not accurately predict a person’s health risks in certain circumstances. Types There are myriad kinds of obesity have been divided into several classes by the World Health Organization (WHO), ranging from class I to class III. Besides, these classes have been subdivided into categories alike mild obesity and super obesity in order to offer a frame of reference. Obesity is a disease in which a person with a BMI that is higher than 30 is considered obesity. It can be divided into five kinds:Show MoreRelatedObesity Is A Medical Condition1708 Words   |  7 PagesPart 1 Obesity is a medical condition where there is the accumulation of excess fat in the body such that the individual’s health is affected negatively resulting in an increase in health problems and a reduced life expectancy. The measurement of obesity is with the use of the BMI where the individual’s weight is divided by their height square, and this should not be above 30kg/m2. In the United States, obesity remains the one of the leading cause of death as it is associated with heart disease (CdcRead MoreObesity Is A Medical Condition Essay1320 Words   |  6 Pages Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fast has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health and it usually does. Obesity leads to reduced life expectancy and increased health problems. Increased risk of heart disease, high blood sugar, high blood pressure, certain cancers and other chronic conditions are usually the problems that obesity may cause. Inactive lifestyle, po or environment, genes and family history, medicine, smoking and so on are factors whichRead MoreChildhood Obesity Is A Medical Condition1109 Words   |  5 Pages Childhood obesity is a medical condition that is found in children, teenagers and middle aged people. Everyone has a unique body shape and structure that is engineered right for them but sometimes the body will store more body fat than required. If an individual stores more fat than an average person is supposed to, then they can be categorized as obese. Childhood obesity can be identified seeing if the weight of a child is well above that of an average for a child s height and age. For anRead MoreObesity : A Serious Medical Condition876 Words   |  4 PagesObesity is a serious medical condition that requires treatment to lower the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. However, one in three people in the United States is clinically obese (Overweight and Obesity Statistics) and 10-25% of obese individuals are labeled metabolically healthy (Bluher). Obesity is clinically diagnosed with a body mass index (BMI) of a score of 30 or greater in reference to the total weight in people’s body compared to their height (Overweight and Obesity Statistics)Read MoreChildhood Obesity Is A Medical Condition2494 Words   |  10 PagesChildhood obesity is a medical condition in which affects children of all ages sometimes even into their adulthood. This condition occurs when a child is very well above the normal weight set for his or her age and height. One of the biggest troubles in the world is childhood obesity because the extra weight a child carries arou nd leads them down a path of a number of health issues that were once confined only to adults such as diabetes, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure. It may also leadRead MoreChildhood Obesity : Becoming A Medical Condition863 Words   |  4 Pages Childhood Obesity Childhood Obesity is a well known issue in the United States. To some individuals childhood obesity is considered to be a medical condition while others may argue that is not. Childhood obesity is the condition where excessive body fat negatively affects a child s wellbeing or health. Being obese is different from being overweight, although both mean that a person’s weight is greaterRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Serious Medical Condition Plaguing Youth1765 Words   |  8 PagesAustin Brown Dr. Rodney Beaulieu Human Development 101 11 December 2015 Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity is currently a serious medical condition plaguing youth and adolescents all around the world, especially in developed nations. Childhood obesity occurs when ones weight or body fat exceeds what is normal for ones height and age. Children who are overweight are often troubled with poor self-esteem and depression. Overweight children are subjected to health issues such as diabetes, high bloodRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Serious Medical Condition That Affects Children And Adolescents Essay1116 Words   |  5 PagesMy enquiry question will identify the leading causes of childhood obesity in New Zealand. Childhood obesity is a serious medical condition that affects children and adolescents (Mayo Clinic, 2014). It occurs when a child is well above the normal weight for his or her age and height (Mayo Clinic, 2014). This enquiry question will mainly focus on children who are obese in New Zealand. Through survey, The 2012/13 New Zealand Health Survey found that 1 in 9 c hildren aged 2–14 years were obese (11%),Read MoreChildhood Obesity : A Serious Medical Condition That Affects Children And Adolescents991 Words   |  4 Pagescurrent adolescent obesity rates continue, predictions say by 2035 there will be more than 100,000 additional cases of heart disease linked to obesity (Collins 1). Childhood obesity has become more of an epidemic over the last few years. Although there are debates of childhood obesity being a problem, several factors contribute to childhood obesity such as parental feeding styles and fast food, nonetheless, which can all be prevented. Childhood obesity is a serious medical condition that affects childrenRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Serious Medical Condition That Affects Children And Adolescents Essay1736 Words   |  7 Pagesatrocious disease like cancer nor is it learning or behavioral problems—it is obesity! The Mayo Clinic, a nonprofit organization committed to clinical practice, health education and research, defines child hood obesity as â€Å"a serious medical condition that affects children and adolescents, that occurs when a child is well above the normal weight for his or her age and height† (Mayo). The Mayo Clinic goes on to say that childhood obesity is particularly troubling because it starts kids off on an early path

Mass-elite theorists and subcultures Free Essays

Academic writing is usually best when it takes a dispassionate attitude to its subject; when it reviews the several contesting scholarly opinions around a question, before judging the value of each of them. But sometimes a writer is given a question that allows him to write destructive criticism, and to champion the merits of one argument only. This present question is such a question. We will write a custom essay sample on Mass-elite theorists and subcultures or any similar topic only for you Order Now If one takes a supercilious attitude towards it then he might expel it at once by arguing that neither Matthew Arnold nor F. R. Leavis – men who sought the promotion of culture through the study of high literature and the reform of education – would have descended at all to study the subcultures of Goths and Trekkers. These groups have produced no serious literature and they have done little to reform education. And so one can easily cement such a fierce attitude into a strong essay – though one that would sadly be very short and unmarkable! If instant dismissal is not appropriate, then a writer who has studied Arnold’s and Leavis’s definitions of culture can argue ceaselessly that neither man would have thought Goths and Trekkers a positive development for culture. A short statement about definition. There are of course manifold definitions of culture. Many recent writers define culture in terms of mass-culture, within which all groups and subcultures belong. If culture is defined like this then Goths and Trekkers are both part of culture and can be said to expand culture by pushing it wider and making it more diverse. Arguments like this are possible; but they are not possible for our present question. In this essay one has to measure these groups against the definitions of Leavis and Arnold only; and leave aside the merits of any modern definitions. Let us then examine the definition of Leavis and Arnold. Matthew Arnold famously defined culture as to ‘†¦ know the best that has been said and thought in the world’. Someone who is cultured has learnt to perceive beauty, perfection, truth and justice through literature and art. In Culture and Anarchy and Essays in Criticism Arnold argues that culture is centered upon education: thus the expansion of culture is possible only if it is accompanied by an equal expansion of education. So: somebody who is highly cultured is also highly educated. F.R.  Leavis had a very similar definition of culture. Leavis argued even more explicitly than Arnold that there is an unbreakable bond between knowledge of the humanities and the acquisition of culture. As G. Steiner says ‘The commanding axiom in Leavis’s life-work is the conviction that there is a close relation between a man’s capacity to respond to art and his general fitness for humane existence.’ Despite the esoteric sound of these words they do say something vital about culture. The key word is humane. Someone who has studied great works of literature tends to have better judgment and is kinder to his fellow man than people who have not. Leavis says ‘†¦ thinking about cultural and social matters ought to be done by minds of some real literary education, and done in an intellectual climate formed by a vital literacy culture’. In short: a healthy culture and society depends upon a large number of its citizens studying and thinking about the classics. Leavis famously defined these arguments in his controversial Richmond Lecture – should we say polemic? – against C. P. Snow. The lecture is Leavis’s proposal for the future of culture in England. Leavis wanted a small, economically weaker England that would be highly literate and cultured — instead of a huge commercialized and capitalistic society that would be less literate. Thus we see in Leavis, as in Arnold, a definition of culture as a society that knows intimately great works of art. According to this definition, any group that progresses culture must go beyond the culture that has gone before. Do Goths and Trekkers then add to what we can learn from Homer, Shakespeare and the Bible? (This is a fair question if measured by the definition above). The answer must be no. The Goth and Trekker subcultures have not produced one serious piece of literature or music; even if one stretches Star Trek into some definition of art, the movies and show are not the invention of Trekkers, but the object of their devotion. Goths claim to have a passion for literature; but this passion has not created any literature of their own. Likewise – even though it is not one of their aims – neither of these groups has done anything to reform education or our universities. We cannot study Goth culture from its literature, because there is not any. But we can examine some of the statements of Goth members to see whether there is any sign of culture as defined by Leavis and Arnold. The following article called ‘A Short Treatise on Goth subculture’ is taken from the internet. The author, Chameleon, says that Goths are defined by ‘a morbid sense of humor’, ‘appreciation of the darker side of life’, ‘tolerance of lifestyles considered weird by the masses’ and an ‘apolitical attitude towards society’. Rus Haslage, the President of the International Federation of Trekkers, says that the philosophy of trekkers is that ‘†¦everyone is different, and it is those differences that make us special. And, it is those differences that make meshing our sparks even more beneficial to us all.’ In both these statements the common feature is vagueness of meaning and purpose. Goths and Trekkers feel some solidarity with each other in their interest in the ways of the Goth or Star Trek; but there is no clear or precise thought about the identity and purpose of these groups. To be fair to each group neither claims to add to the wisdom that the great works of literature and art that the West has accumulated; but, if we judge this admission of non-achievement strictly according to the definition of Leavis and Arnold, then the existence of such groups has either no effect or a regressive effect upon culture. Bibliography Books: P. Hodkins,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Goth: Identity, Style and Subculture M. Arnold,     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Culture and Anarchy M.Arnold,  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Essays in Criticism H. Jenkins III, Star Trek Rerun, Reread, Rewritten: Fan Writing as Textual Poaching F.R. Leavis,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Mass Civilization and Minority Culture, (1930) F.R. Leavis,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Nor Shall My Sword: Discourses on Pluralism, Compassion and Social Hope (1972) G. Steiner,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Language and Silence, Faber and Faber, 1967 Websites: www.iftcommand.com www.religioustolerance.org How to cite Mass-elite theorists and subcultures, Essay examples

Impact of Business on the Stakeholdersâ€Free samples For Students

Question: What Is The Impact Of Business On The Stakeholders? Answer: Intorducation As per my point of view, before running a particular business organization in the market, every individual organization has to follow business ethics values and beliefs. Moorthy (2012) stated that the success of an organization is highly dependent on the product quality and service process. I have noticed that behind maintaining product quality as well as services, every organization has to follow corporate ethics as well as values. Brand identity is one of the most important factors based on which the organizational image and reputation depends highly. I have observed that large number of companies prevailing in the retail sector is facing ethical issues at the workplace that highly affects in maintaining organizational sustainability. The employers fail to maintain effective employee relation within the organization. As a result, the performance level of the employees is decreasing rapidly. Customers are deprived of receiving appropriate service from the organization. Automatically , the retail business sectors are facing challenges in maintaining organizational sustainability. Impact of business decision on the stakeholders: A particular organization is constituted with two kinds of stakeholders primarily that include internal stakeholder and external stakeholder. Among the stakeholders, the importance of customers and employees is most important (Pulina and Timpanaro 2012). I have noticed that the organizational decision leaves a major impact on the stakeholders. In order to satisfy the needs and demands of the employees and organization decides to implement some major strategies such as reward and recognition policy, interpersonal communication with the employees regarding their personal issues at the workplace (Biedenweg, Monroe and Oxarart 2013). At the same time, the organization tends to follow some of the major legislations and acts in order to keep the company free from biasness. The legislation implies health and safety act, right to information act anti-discrimination act, gender equity act, data protection act and many more (Williams and Schaefer 2013). According to me, these specific business decision or initiatives help the organization to maintain employee motivation. However, I have observed that most of the business experts in the retail sector currently fail to maintain employee relation due to the lack of maintaining ethical practices. Company like Woolworths has faced huge employee turnover at the workplace due to the lack of ethical practices (Carroll and Buchholtz 2014). The employers failed to maintain effective communication with the employees. As a result, they showed their intense reluctance for providing good services to the customers. As per my point of view, the implementation of corporate social responsibility is more effective in order to impress the customers mind. While dealing with the customers of different geographical corners most of business organizations tend to follow CSR activities (Tufa 2015). For an example, in order to promote the products in global market The Iconic has decided to organize social events where large number of poor but meritorious students would be contributed education kits and cash for their further studies. As a result, this particular organization is successful to render their image and reputation in the global market. I have noticed that some of the companies tend to implement diversity management at the workplace. With the help of this specific strategy, the customer service executives tend to allow every single customer at their organization for using their services (Crane and Matten 2016). People of every culture and religious attitudes are treated with equal priority. There fore, the question of discrimination does not arise in between the stakeholder and service providers. Therefore, I have realized that the customers showed their flexibility while using the service process. As per the above mentioned discussion I can come into a conclusion that the satisfaction rate of the customers is highly dependent on the business decision and their ethical practices. Legislation that supports the practice: I have already mentioned that some of the relevant legislations are there that supports in maintaining business ethical practices. I believe that organization would be able to maintain its sustainability in the current market only when the service providers would be able to maintain organizational ethical practices. Both the employees and customers are key stakeholder for an organization that helps to render business success (Fredericks 2013). As per my opinion, employees need to get necessary facilities and benefits from the organization as well in order to keep up their level of performance. Implementation of health and safety act as per my point of view is highly important based on which employees feel safe while working within the organization. This particular act ensures that employees facing any kind of health issues should get necessary co-operation from the employers both financially and emotionally (Meijboom and Brom 2012). As a result, employees would not have to face any kind of insecurity to be associated within a business process. As per my opinion, anti-discrimination act helps to maintain business ethics and practices. As per the concept of this anti-discrimination act, both the female and male employees should be treated with equal respect and dignity at the workplace. As a result, the organization would automatically be able to sustain in the business industry for a long time. People belonging to different age group, culture and religious attributes can be associated together at the workplace. Business ethics enables that the skill and competency level of the employee is highly important for an organization rather than their cultural backgrounds (Heizer and Barry 2013). I have noticed that the internal ethical practices is possessed with a major impact on the impression level of customers. Recommendation: After evaluating the entire report regarding the impact of maintaining business ethics and corporate social responsibility for long term sustainability I can provide some of the major recommendations. Retail sectors should follow corporate social responsibilities more effectively for meeting the long-term goal. For an example, the business experts in order to maintain community relation can hire the skillful and competent employees from their regional boundary In order to impress of the customers, the organization can enhance their business diversification strategy more effectively. As a result, the number of target market would be increased at the workplace. The employers should maintain effective communication with the employees in order to know their challenges at the workplace. If the employees get enough scope to share their difficulties, they would be motivated in performing well towards reaching the business goal. In this kind of situation, the interpersonal communication between the employees and the employers would be effective automatically. I believe that retail business organizations should have a contribution towards government sponsorship. Government sponsorship is one of the most effective ways of CSR activities. As a result, the organization as well will be able to create a market demand by involving them in government activities. Summary: The entire report has provided a self-reflection on how organizations are able to maintain business ethics. As per my knowledge and experience, the success of an organization is highly dependent on the organizational practices. Business ethics is one of the most effective practices based on which the sustainability of a business is highly dependent. I have discussed the several factors that help an organization to maintain business ethics. I have evaluated the importance of corporate social responsibility in enhancing the organizational sustainability in market. By sharing my personal experience, I have analyzed on how business organizations belonging to the retail sectors are facing difficulties in maintaining sustainability due to the lack of ethical practices. Reference List: Biedenweg, K., Monroe, M.C. and Oxarart, A., 2013. The importance of teaching ethics of sustainability.International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education,14(1), pp.6-14. Carroll, A. and Buchholtz, A., 2014.Business and society: Ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management. Nelson Education. Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016.Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Fredericks, S.E., 2013.Measuring and evaluating sustainability: Ethics in sustainability indexes. Routledge. Heizer, R. and Barry, R., 2013.Operation Management, Sustainability and Supply Chain management(Vol. 11). Pearson, UK. Meijboom, F.L. and Brom, F.W., 2012. Ethics and sustainability: Guest or guide? On sustainability as a moral ideal.Journal of agricultural and environmental ethics,25(2), pp.117-121. Moorthy, R., 2012. Ethics and sustainability.American Journal of Applied Sciences,9(1), pp.24-31. Pulina, P. and Timpanaro, G., 2012. Ethics, sustainability and logistics in agricultural and agri-food economics research.Italian Journal of Agronomy,7(3), p.33. Tufa, R.A., 2015. Perspectives on environmental ethics in sustainability of membrane based technologies for water and energy production.Environmental Technology Innovation,4, pp.182-193. Williams, S. and Schaefer, A., 2013. Small and medium?sized enterprises and sustainability: Managers' values and engagement with environmental and climate change issues.Business Strategy and the Environment,22(3), pp.173-186.